| Author: | Yammarino, F. J. Markham, S. E. |
| Title: | On the application of within and between analysis: Are absence and affect really group-based phenomena? |
| Journal: | Journal of Applied Psychology
1992 : APR, VOL. 77:2, p. 168-176 |
| Index terms: | ABSENTEEISM EMPLOYEE ATTITUDES HOURS OF WORK |
| Language: | eng |
| Abstract: | George (1990) examined personality, affect, and absence behavior as group-level phenomena. The recognition of level of analysis issues in that study was important, and the formulation of group-level hypotheses was interesting. However, the incomplete application of within and between analysis (WABA) led to suspect conclusions about group-based effects. The current study reexamined and reinterpreted George's results in light of an appropriate application of WABA. Personality, affect, and absence behavior appear to be based primarily on individual rather than group differences. |
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