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| Author: | Coleman, S. Robb, A. |
| Title: | A comparison of new firm financing by gender: evidence from the Kauffman Firm Survey data |
| Journal: | Small business economics
2009 : DEC, VOL. 33:4, p. 397-411 |
| Index terms: | small business new enterprise financing gender surveys USA |
| Language: | eng |
| Abstract: | This study explores gender differences in the use of start-up capital (hereafter as: s-up-c.) and subsequent financing by new firms using data from the new Kauffman Firm Survey. It is found that, consistent with previous studies, women start their businesses with significantly lower levels of financial capital than men. A new finding is that women go on to raise significantly lower amounts of incremental debt and equity (as: db-and-eq.) in the 2nd and 3rd year. These results hold even controlling for a variety of firm and owner characteristics, incl. the level of initial s-up-c. and firm sales. It is also found that that women rely heavily on personal rather than external sources of dd-and-eq.) for both s-up-c. as well as follow-on investments. |
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