search query: @indexterm MIDDLE MANAGERS / total: 121
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| Author: | Zeleny, M. Cornet, R. Stoner, J. A. F. |
| Title: | Moving from the age of specialization to the era of integration |
| Journal: | Human Systems Management
1990 : VOL. 9:3, p. 153-171 |
| Index terms: | SPECIALIZATION MIDDLE MANAGERS GENERAL MANAGERS BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT THEORY MANAGEMENT RESEARCH CORPORATE MODELS |
| Language: | eng |
| Abstract: | A set of forces likely to affect managers in the 1990s is identified. This set of forces is viewed from managerial and historical perspective. A number of measures are proposed that managers might take in response to these forces. Arguments are presented that extensive specialization leads to inefficient compartmentalization of labour and knowledge, additional layers of middle management and isolate the "thinkers" from its social and competitive environment. The emergence of corporate ecosystems is described. A series of management metaphors is developed which ends up with the "amoeba" metaphor for the 1990s. The transition from specialization to integration will become a crucial force. |
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