search query: @indexterm copper industry / total: 18
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| Author: | Graedel, Ò.Å. |
| Title: | The contemporary European copper cycle: The characterization of technological copper cycles |
| Journal: | Ecological Economics
2002 : AUG, VOL. 42:1-2, p. 9-26 |
| Index terms: | COPPER INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY EUROPE ANALYTICAL REVIEW |
| Language: | eng |
| Abstract: | Copper is an example of an anthropogenically utilized material that is of interest to both resource economists and environmental scientists. It is a widely employed industrial metal, and one that in certain forms and concentrations is moderately biotoxic. It is also one that may be potentially supply-limited. A comprehensive accounting of the anthropogenic mobilization and use of copper must treat a series of life stages: mining and processing, fabrication, utilization, and end of life. Reservoirs in which copper resides include the lithosphere, ore and ingot processing facilities, fabricators, at least a dozen major uses, several intentional and default stockpiles, landfills, and the environment. The flow rates among those reservoirs constitute the cycle. |
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