search query: @indexterm Singapore / total: 195
reference: 18 / 195
| Author: | Zhiming, B. |
| Title: | Social stigma and grammatical autonomy in nonnative varieties of English |
| Journal: | Language in Society
2003 : FEB, VOL. 32:1, p. 23-46 |
| Index terms: | CHANGE SINGAPORE LANGUAGES ANALYTICAL REVIEW |
| Language: | eng |
| Abstract: | The spread of English has created a rich array of varieties, which are often grouped into a tripartite division: the ENL, ESL, and EFL of Quirk, or the inner- circle, outer-circle, and expanding-circle of Kachru. These varieties, especially ESL, differ among themselves in both form and function. It is often assumed in the literature that these varieties are autonomous systems of communication. This article challenges this assumption by showing that the innovative phonological features of one ESL variety, the vernacular English spoken in Singapore, cannot be analyzed without reference to native English. These change-in-progress features fall into two types: those that originate in phonemes, and those that originate in words. |
SCIMA