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| Author: | Tortella, G. |
| Title: | Patterns of economic retardation and recovery in south-western Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. |
| Journal: | Economic History Review
1994 : FEB, VOL. 47:1, p. 1-21 |
| Index terms: | ECONOMIC RECOVERY HUMAN CAPITAL AGRICULTURE EUROPE |
| Language: | eng |
| Abstract: | Italy, Spain, and Portugal lost economic ground in relation to the main European nations during the nineteenth century, and this retardation can be attributed to regional rather than to individual national causes. Agricultural backwardness, largely due to geographical factors, and low levels of investment in human capital, as evidenced by low enrolment and literacy rates, are shown to be the most probable causes of retardation. |
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