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Author: | Butler, R. |
Title: | Organizing for innovation: loose or tight control? |
Journal: | Long Range Planning
1998 : OCT, VOL. 31:5, p. 775-782 |
Index terms: | LONG RANGE PLANNING INNOVATION ORGANIZATION |
Language: | eng |
Abstract: | As organizations operate in an uncertain world, errors are unavoidable. This article analyzes two types of organizational error based upon a distinction between clear and fuzzy structures. Clear structures are based upon precise rules which enable a clear definition of decision types and the procedures for making those decisions. Fuzzy structures are based upon flexible rules by which decision making becomes a "muddling through process". |
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