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| Author: | Dreher, G.F. |
| Title: | Breaking the glass ceiling: The effects of sex ratios and work-life programs on female leadership at the top |
| Journal: | Human Relations
2003 : MAY, VOL. 56:5, p. 541-562 |
| Index terms: | Human resource management Gender Leadership Top management Equal opportunities USA |
| Language: | eng |
| Abstract: | Data, at the level of the corporation, revealed that the percentage of lower-level managerial positions held by women in the 1980s and early 1990s was positively associated with the number of work-life human resource (HR) practices provided in 1994 and with the percentage of senior management positions held by women in 1999. In turn, the number of work-life HR practices provided in 1994 was positively associated with the percentage of senior management positions held by women in 1999. These results support the blending of a social contact theory perspective and a strategic HR management perspective when explaining the glass-ceiling phenomenon, and have important implications for managing human resources and individual careers. |
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