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| Author: | |
| Title: | An environmental life cycle optimization model for the European pulp and paper industry |
| Journal: | Omega
1996 : DEC, VOL. 24:6, p. 615-629 |
| Index terms: | PAPER AND PULP INDUSTRY OPTIMIZATION MODELS LIFE CYCLES ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS EUROPE, WEST |
| Language: | eng |
| Abstract: | This paper shows that an explicit evaluation methodology is needed before consistent environmental policies could be defined. There are different ways for European pulp and paper sector to reduce it's contribution to environmental damage: energy recovery, cleaner pulping and bleaching, recycling. One method won't outperform others. Environmental policies, which are defendable and predictable, are derived: single minded focus on recycling is myopic; command and control instruments limit environmental impact reductions; policies on paper recycling have major international trade implications; national legislation can easily result in protectionist actions; relocation of the paper industry has major economic implications. |
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