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| Author: | Kümmerer, K. |
| Title: | The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment due to human use present knowledge and future challenges |
| Journal: | Journal of Environmental Management
2009 : JUN, VOL. 90:8, p. 2354-2366 |
| Index terms: | environment risk management risk analysis |
| Freeterms: | pharmaceuticals fate effects green pharmacy active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs) mixture toxicity |
| Language: | eng |
| Abstract: | Based on the question of mixture toxicity has gained more and more attention as well as has been found that environmental concentrations can cause effects in wildlife if proper tools are applied for effect assessment. As for risk management strategies to eliminate pharmaceuticals from wastewater or from the effluent of sewage treatment plants have been proposed and investigated. The author argues each of these approaches has its specific shortcomings. This paper gives an overview of the present state of knowledge presenting typical results and lines of discussion and makes no claim to give a complete overview including the full detailed body of knowledge of pharmaceuticals in the environment. Rather, it addresses important and typical topics to stimulate discussion. |
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