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| Author: | Czarnitzki, D. Kraft, K. |
| Title: | Which firms buy licenses? Market positions and license expenditures |
| Journal: | Scandinavian Journal of Economics
2010 : SEP, VOL 112:3 p. 471-488 |
| Index terms: | positioning licensing market structure innovation Germany |
| Freeterms: | economic models incumbent entrant enterprises |
| Language: | eng |
| Abstract: | This paper shows the empirical results of a comparison of technology licensing expenditures of German companies in order to test conclusions of the Gilbert and Newbery (1982) model. In addition to the standard control variables, the motives for innovation expenditures are also acknowledged. We differentiate between companies planning to secure their present position in the market (incumbents) and those intending to enter a whole new one (challengers). Uniform with the prediction of the Gilbert and Newbery model, we discover that incumbents have higher expenditures for technology licenses than potential entrants. |
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