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| Author: | Atwater, L. |
| Title: | Individual attributes and leadership style: predicting the use of punishment and its effects |
| Journal: | Journal of Organizational Behavior
1998 : NOV, VOL. 19:6, p. 559-576 |
| Index terms: | LEADERSHIP EFFECTIVENESS PSYCHOLOGY |
| Language: | eng |
| Abstract: | This study examined attributes of leaders that influenced their use of contingent and noncontingent punishment and the results of using punishment on leader effectiveness. Results indicated that leaders with higher levels of physical fitness and moral reasoning were more likely to use contingent punishment, while those with lower self-esteem were more likely to use non-contingent punishment. Noncontingent punishment negatively impacted leader effectiveness, while contingent punishment positively impacted leader effectiveness. |
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