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| Author: | Elzen, M. G. J. den Moor, A. P. G. De |
| Title: | Analyzing the Kyoto Protocol under the Marrakesh Accords: economic efficiency and environmental effectiveness |
| Journal: | Ecological Economics
2002 : DEC, VOL. 43:2/3, p. 141-158 |
| Index terms: | CONTRACTS BANKING COSTS ANALYTICAL REVIEW EFFECTIVENESS |
| Language: | eng |
| Abstract: | This article evaluates the environmental effectiveness and economic implications of the Kyoto Protocol (KP) after the Bonn agreement and the Marrakesh Accords. The authors will break it down into several components that correspond with major steps m the international process: pre-COP 6 version of the KP, with unrestricted international emissions trading but without sinks; withdrawal of the USA; and decisions on sinks in Bonn and Marrakesh. The Marrakesh Accords bring Annex-I emissions in 2010 without the USA at 0 5% under base- year levels, this corresponds to nearly 2% above the 1990-levels. The US withdrawal has by far the greatest impact in reducing the environmental effectiveness of the KP, whereas the impact of the decision on sinks is comparatively small. |
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