search query: @indexterm finland / total: 889
reference: 237 / 889
| Author: | Mickwitz, P. |
| Title: | Is it as bad as it sounds or as good as it looks? Experiences of Finnish water discharge limits |
| Journal: | Ecological Economics
2003 : JUN, VOL 45:2, p. 237-254 |
| Index terms: | Paper and pulp industry Environmental policy Evaluation Methodology Nordic countries Finland |
| Language: | eng |
| Abstract: | The waste water discharges (hereafter as: ds.) of Finnish industry have mainly been regulated by permits containing requirements and limits set individually for each plant. Despite great increases in production, ds. into water by the Finnish pulp and paper industry (here as: p-and-p. ind.) have decreased markedly in recent decades. This paper examines the development of the limits included in the permits and their effects on the ds. of the entire Finnish p-and-p. ind. The results show among others that permit conditions are only one of several factors responsible for the reduced ds. In some cases clear effects of permit limits can be identified, whereas in other cases they have had no effect. |
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