search query: @indexterm MANAGEMENT BY EXCEPTION / total: 9
reference: 2 / 9
| Author: | Howell, J. M. Avolio, B. J. |
| Title: | Transformational leadership, transactional leadership, locus of control, and support for innovation: key predictors of consolidated-business-unit performance |
| Journal: | Journal of Applied Psychology
1993 : DEC, VOL. 78:6, p. 891-902 |
| Index terms: | LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT STYLES MANAGEMENT BY EXCEPTION |
| Language: | eng |
| Abstract: | The authors used measures of leadership, locus of control, and support for innovation to predict the consolidated- unit-performance of 78 managers. Results revealed that 3 transformational-leadership measures ere associated with a higher internal locus of control and significantly and positively predicted business-unit performance over a 1-year interval. Transactional measures of leadership, including contingent reward and management by exception (active and passive), were each negatively related to business-unit performance. Causal relationships between the transformational-leadership behaviors and unit performance were moderated by the level of support for innovation in the business unit. |
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