haku: @all big data / yhteensä: 61
viite: 55 / 61
| Tekijä: | Vahcic, A. |
| Otsikko: | Entrepreneurship as factor of economic development |
| Lehti: | Slovenska ekonomska revija
1995 : VOL. 46:4, p. 295-312 |
| Asiasana: | |
| Vapaa asiasana: | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, SLOVENIA, ECONOMIC GROWTH, INVESTMENTS, ENTREPRENEURSHIP |
| Kieli: | slv |
| Tiivistelmä: | The paper deals with entrepreneurship as a special factor of economic development , separate from labor, capital and technology.For catching up with the neighboring highly developed countries in reasonable span of time Slovenia will have to achieve significantly higher rates of growth of GDP per capita as those countries.If Slovenia wishes to catch up in the next 20 to 40 years with Austria, for example, her rate of growth will have to be 5 to 8%.Such high rates of growth have been achieved only by some Pacific countries who have very high rates of investment and very high efficiency of investment.The high efficiency of investment is a sign of high level of entrepreneurship, therefore Slovenia too will have to raise entrepreneurship to such a level.Entrepreneurship is defined as a process in which entrepreneurs or entrepreneurial groups identify business opportunities, then marshall together the necessary resources and realize these opportunities.In most cases entrepreneurs form enterprises under their control for the purpose of realizing the opportunities.Therefore, one of the measures of the level of entrepreneurship in a country is the number of enterprises per 1000 population or the rate of growth of new enterprise creation.From the economic point entrepreneurship is value creation.The countries with a higher level of entrepreneurship realize business opportunities and create value faster and are therefore capable of investing more and more efficiently than other countries.For economic growth the most important are fast growing enterprises - gazelles.These are enterprises which start small but then rapidly grow and become big globally oriented enterprises.In the former socialist countries the so called socialist black hole, defined as the lack of small and medium size enterprises with 10 to 100 employees must be filled in if these countries are to reach a balanced size distribution of firms which is necessary for eff icient growth.Generation of gazelles and filling up of the socialist black hole, however, requires a very large number of capable entrepreneurs which means that the country has to direct a large part of its creative potential into entrepreneurial activities.This, among other things, also means that the country must rapidly form an entrepreneurial elite as the dominant elite of the nation.The data show that in Slovenia there are very few enterprises which conform to the definition of gazelles and that the socialist black hole has not been filled yet by far.According to the number of enterprises per 1000 population Slovenia approaches the developed countries with the lowest such number, but if she wanted to reach the number of the entrepreneurially developed countries such as USA she would have to increase the number of enterprises from the present 67.000 to 160.000.If we further take also the percentage of the labor force employed in the enterprises with 10 -100 employees, which in Slovenia in 1993 was slightly more than 10% we find out that this percentage is still way below the normal one, which in developed countries ranges from 40 - 70%.It follows that Slovenia is still in the embryonic phase of entrepreneurial development and it will require a large effort still if we want to raise entrepreneurship to the level required for a rapid growth.The government can accelerate the development of entrepreneurship in two ways: by creating a conducive environment for the development of gazelles, which means primarily the development of high quality educational, communication and environmental infrastructure, and the development of entrepreneurship support programs, ranging from providing information on business opportunities to entrepreneurship training.All this, however, will have little effect if the development of entrepreneurial culture will not become the central part of the long term development policy of Slovenia. |
SCIMA