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| Tekijä: | Sheppard, S. R. J. Cizek, P. |
| Otsikko: | The ethics of Google Earth: Crossing thresholds from spatial data to landscape visualisation |
| Lehti: | Journal of Environmental Management
2009 : MAY, VOL. 90:6, p. 2102-2117 |
| Asiasana: | land use participatory management decision making public policy ethics risk analysis |
| Vapaa asiasana: | visualisation virtual globes GIS spatial data landscape perception |
| Kieli: | eng |
| Tiivistelmä: | Based on that virtual globe software systems such as Google Earth are growing rapidly in popularity as a way to visualise and share 3D environmental data. This article argues that 1) the Google Earth phenomenon, which features realistic imagery of places, cannot be dealt with only as a question of spatial data and geographic information science. 2) the virtual globe type of visualisation crosses several key thresholds in communicating scientific and environmental information, taking it well beyond the realm of conventional spatial data and geographic information science, and engaging more complex dimensions of human perception and aesthetic preference. 3) the realism, perspective views, and social meanings of the landscape visualisations embedded in virtual globes invoke not only cognition but also emotional and intuitive responses, with associated issues of uncertainty, credibility, and bias in interpreting the imagery. This paper considers the types of risks as well as benefits that may exist with participatory uses of virtual globes by experts and lay-people. It is illustrated with early examples from practice and relevant themes from the literature in landscape visualisation and related disciplines such as environmental psychology and landscape planning. Existing frameworks and principles for the appropriate use of environmental visualisation methods are applied to the special case of widely accessible, realistic 3D and 4D visualisation systems such as Google Earth, in the context of public awareness-building and agency decision-making on environmental issues. |
SCIMA