haku: @author Opp, K.-D. / yhteensä: 1
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| Tekijä: | Opp, K.-D. |
| Otsikko: | The role of voice in a future Europe |
| Lehti: | Kyklos
1994 : VOL. 47:3, p. 385-402 |
| Asiasana: | EUROPEAN INTEGRATION POLITICAL CONDITIONS DEMOCRACY DEMONSTRATIONS |
| Kieli: | eng |
| Tiivistelmä: | The planned unification of twelve European states to an economic and political unit will increase the costs of politi- cal protest (voice) and will lower the positive incentives if Europe's unification proceeds. The argument is based on a model specifying the major incentives for voice that have been shown to be relevant due to previous research. The high costs of organizing protests mainly result from the size of the EC and the required 'critical mass' to make protests effective. The major factors that lead to small positive in- centives are low political discontent with the EC and its decisions and low perceived influence of protests on chan- ging EC institutions or decisions. The argument that in- creasing the likelihood of voice may reduce a democracy de- ficit of the EC is refuted. It is argued that referenda are more appropriate remedy. |
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