haku: @author Schneider, F. / yhteensä: 12
viite: 4 / 12
| Tekijä: | Schneider, F. |
| Otsikko: | The shadow economies of Western Europe |
| Lehti: | Economic Affairs
1997 : SEP, VOL. 17:3, p. 42-48 |
| Asiasana: | ECONOMIC CONDITIONS MOONLIGHTING INFORMAL ECONOMY TAXATION EUROPE, WEST |
| Kieli: | eng |
| Tiivistelmä: | There are many obstacles to overcome if the shadow economy is to be measured and its consequences on the unofficial and official economy analysed. Though it is difficult to estimate the size of the shadow economy, it is not impossible. With the currency demand and the model approach some insights can be provided about the size and development of the shadow economy of the OECD countries. For 11 of the 17 investigated OECD countries the studies demonstrate that its size is more than 10% of GNP. When official economic conditions change, as when the direct tax burden decreases, one would expect that the shadow economy would increase. However, even when a major tax reform with lower tax rates was undertaken the shadow economy still increased because other reasons for shadow economy , like regulation, increased during the time. |
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