haku: @indexterm copper industry / yhteensä: 18
viite: 4 / 18
Tekijä: | Graedel, Ò.Å. |
Otsikko: | The contemporary European copper cycle: The characterization of technological copper cycles |
Lehti: | Ecological Economics
2002 : AUG, VOL. 42:1-2, p. 9-26 |
Asiasana: | COPPER INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY EUROPE ANALYTICAL REVIEW |
Kieli: | eng |
Tiivistelmä: | Copper is an example of an anthropogenically utilized material that is of interest to both resource economists and environmental scientists. It is a widely employed industrial metal, and one that in certain forms and concentrations is moderately biotoxic. It is also one that may be potentially supply-limited. A comprehensive accounting of the anthropogenic mobilization and use of copper must treat a series of life stages: mining and processing, fabrication, utilization, and end of life. Reservoirs in which copper resides include the lithosphere, ore and ingot processing facilities, fabricators, at least a dozen major uses, several intentional and default stockpiles, landfills, and the environment. The flow rates among those reservoirs constitute the cycle. |
SCIMA