haku: @author Huhtala, A. / yhteensä: 3
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| Tekijä: | Huhtala, A. Samakovlis, E. |
| Otsikko: | Does International Harmonization of Environmental Policy Instruments Make Economic Sense? |
| Lehti: | Environmental and Resource Economics
2002 : MAR, VOL. 21:3, p. 261-286 |
| Asiasana: | INTERNATIONALIZATION ECONOMICS ECONOMIC THEORY ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY |
| Kieli: | eng |
| Tiivistelmä: | Harmonization of the instruments used in environmental policy has been considered necessary to guarantee "fair" competition in international markets. The authors examine the economic costs of harmonizing paper recycling standards in countries where the urgency of the waste disposal problems differ. Using data of seven European countries the authors estimate the technologically feasible input combinations of pulp and waste paper for paper production. Short-term effects of two environmental policy measures minimum content requirement and utilization rate target, are analyzed. By translating the two administrative instruments into taxes and subsidies the authors show that the shadow costs of the harmonization vary considerably between countries. |
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