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| Tekijä: | Pisano, G.P. |
| Otsikko: | The R&D boundaries of the firm: an empirical analysis. |
| Lehti: | Administrative Science Quarterly
1990 : MAR, VOL. 35:1, p. 153-176 |
| Asiasana: | ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE R&D PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY |
| Kieli: | eng |
| Tiivistelmä: | It is examined how two sources of transaction costs, small-numbers-bargaining hazards and appropriability concerns, may affect established firms' choices between in-house and external sources of R and D (research and development) when technological change shifts the locus of R and D expertise from established enterprises to new entrants, and established firms face a make-or-buy decision for R and D projects. The relationships of other organizational characteristics to the R and D procurement decision are also considered. It was found that small-numbers-bargaining problems motivate firms to internalize R and D. |
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