haku: @author Nogues, J. / yhteensä: 6
viite: 3 / 6
| Tekijä: | Nogues, J. |
| Otsikko: | Patents and pharmaceutical drugs: understanding the pressures on developing countries |
| Lehti: | Journal of World Trade Law
1990 : DEC, VOL. 24:6, p. 81-104 |
| Asiasana: | PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY PATENTS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES PATENT LAW USA SAFETY REGULATIONS |
| Kieli: | eng |
| Tiivistelmä: | Many developing countries provide no or legally weak patent protection for pharmaceutical products. Industrial countries have put them under significant pressure in order to introduce patent protection. The importance of patents to the pharmaceutical drug industry is highlighted by estimates of increased income. Effectiveness of patents as means of protecting the return from innovations evidences that patents sustain high prices. The case of the USA illustrates the consequences of drug and safety regulations on the productivity of research and development. A number of policy changes facilitated competition from generic drug companies. Strategies of pharmaceutical companies are discussed. |
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