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| Tekijä: | Graves, S. B. |
| Otsikko: | Long run patterns of corporate R&D expenditure : a descriptive analysis of the period 1965 to 1984. |
| Lehti: | Technological Forecasting and Social Change
1989 : MAR, VOL. 35:1, p. 13-27 |
| Asiasana: | R&D COSTS R&D EVALUATION INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE USA INDUSTRIAL PERFORMANCE |
| Kieli: | eng |
| Tiivistelmä: | Corporate research and development spending is examined for seven research-intensive industries in the United States, over a 20-year period from 1965 to 1984. The two-dimensional view of investment considers the stability of spending jointly with its intensity. Newly-developed inflation indices are used. When the long-run patterns are considered, a distinct U-shaped curve is evident, with declining expenditures from the mid-1960s into the 1970s, a plateau at a relatively low level during much of the 1970s, followed by a substantial gain. Chemicals and pharmaceuticals show the greatest stability in spending, while aircraft and missiles show the greatest variability. |
SCIMA