haku: @indexterm Russia / yhteensä: 841
viite: 326 / 841
| Tekijä: | Malkin, D. |
| Otsikko: | Russia: Declining S&T system in need of reform |
| Lehti: | Economic Trends
2001 : 1, p. 88-91 |
| Asiasana: | Research R&D Product development Russia |
| Kieli: | eng |
| Tiivistelmä: | During the Russia's transition to a market-based economy, the science and technology (S & T) system has suffered from a combination of adverse factors hindering towards a system more attuned to the requirements of a knowledge-based economy. The article includes information in short e.g. on Global R&D expenditure figures (as percentage of GDP 1990-99, by main source of funds in 1995 and in 1999, by main sector of performance in 1995 and in 1999), patent applications for Russia, the U.S, Japan, European Union and OECD countries. Some of the figures are also for France, Germany, United Kingdom, Finland and Korea. |
SCIMA