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| Tekijä: | Achternbosch, M. Kupsch, C. Sardemann, G. Bräutigam, K.-R. |
| Otsikko: | Cadmium flows caused by the worldwide production of primary zinc metal |
| Lehti: | Journal of industrial ecology
2009 : JUN, VOL. 13:3, p. 438454 |
| Asiasana: | metals industry ecology mining industry materials management |
| Kieli: | eng |
| Tiivistelmä: | Toxic substances can enter the economy as impurities in raw materials or they can be intentionally added as minor or even main components in manufacturing of industrial and consumer goods. Cadmium is a by-product of primary zinc production and it's generated in the zinc extraction process. The amount of cadmium generated from zinc extraction is unknown, as the information is rarely published. This article assesses the fate of cadmium in the production of primary zinc from ores and concentrates worldwide. Model calculations imply that annually about 30,000 tonnes of cadmium is generated, while only about 16,000 tonnes were converted to primary cadmium metal. The fate of the remaining 14,000 tonnes is difficult to determine, only about 5,500 tonnes can be plausibly explained. |
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