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Author:Venermo, Jukka
Title:Johan Jakob Nervanderin tangenttibussolin rekonstruointi ja analysointi
The Reconstruction and Analysis of Johan Jakob Nervander's Tangentbussol
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2007
Pages:vii, 67      Language:   fin
Department/School:Sähkö- ja tietoliikennetekniikan osasto
Degree programme:Elektroniikan ja sähkötekniikan tutkinto-ohjelma
Main subject:Sähkömagnetiikka   (S-96)
Supervisor:Sihvola, Ari
Instructor:Sihvola, Ari
Electronic version URL: http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:tkk-011823
OEVS:
Electronic archive copy is available via Aalto Thesis Database.
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Location:P1 Ark S80     | Archive
Keywords:Nervander
tangentbussol
galvanometer
multiplier
tangent law
Nervander
tangenttibussoli
galvanometri
multiplikaattori
tangenttilaki
Abstract (eng):The goal of this thesis was to build a reconstruction of Johan Jacob Nervander's galvanometer, tangentbussol, that he developed in 1834, and to verify by measurements that the behaviour of the apparatus is as expected.
The operation of the galvanometer is based on the tangent law, meaning that the tangent of the angle of rotation of a magnetic needle inside the apparatus is proportional to the current fed to the apparatus.
The work is divided into four parts: building, numerical analysis, measurements and historical study.

The historical part focuses on some of the most important events and characters involved in the development of electrical engineering in the beginning of 19th century.
It also deals with Nervander in person and his original galvanometer.
Nervander is one of the most remarkable figures in the history of science and culture in Finland.
His apparatus was one of the most accurate galvanometers in his times.

The building section presents the methods, materials and problems involved in the process.
It is known that no magnetic materials can be used, except for the magnetic needle.

The fulfillment of the tangent law was studied using numerical analysis.
A note was made that the error respect to the tangent law depends on the length of the magnetic needle.
The longer the needle, the greater the error.

The measurements showed that the apparatus is working as expected, but they also exposed some weaknesses.
For example, vibration of the magnetic needle makes measuring very slow.
Abstract (fin):Työn tarkoituksena oli rakentaa rekonstruktio Johan Jakob Nervanderin 1834 kehittämästä galvanometristä, tangenttibussolista, ja varmentaa mittauksin, että rakennettu laite toimii oletetulla tavalla.
Tangenttibussolin toiminta perustuu ns. tangenttilakiin, eli laitteessa olevan magneettineulan kiertokulman tangentti on suoraan verrannollinen laitteeseen syötettyyn virtaan.
Työ jakaantui neljään osaan: rakentamiseen, numeeriseen analyysiin, mittauksiin sekä historiatutkimukseen.

Historiaosiossa selvitetään lyhyesti tärkeimpiä sähkötekniikan kehitykseen liittyviä tapahtumia ja henkilöitä 1800-luvun alkupuolella, käydään läpi Nervanderin henkilöhistoriaa sekä tutustutaan Nervanderin alkuperäiseen tangenttibussoliin.
Nervander on Suomen tieteen- sekä kulttuurihistorian merkittävimpiä henkilöitä, ja hänen tangenttibussolinsa oli aikansa tarkimpia galvanometreja.

Rakennusosassa selvitetään työmenetelmiä, materiaalivalintoja sekä ongelmakohtia.
Tangenttibussolissa ei voi käyttää magneettisia materiaaleja magneettineulaa lukuunottamatta.

Numeerisella analyysilla selvitettiin kuinka hyvin tangenttilaki toteutuu, ja huomattiin että virhe tangenttilakiin nähden riippuu laitteessa käytettävän magneettineulan pituudesta.
Pitkällä neulalla virhettä syntyy enemmän kuin lyhyellä neulalla.

Mittaukset osoittivat laitteen toimivan oikein, mutta paljastivat myös laitteen heikkouksia.
Esimerkiksi magneettineulan värähtely tekee mittauksista hidasta.
ED:2008-09-16
INSSI record number: 36221
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