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Author:Saalimo, Mikko
Title:Ajoneuvomallin validointi ja rengasparametrien määritys kokeellisesti talviolosuhteissa
Validation of a vehicle model and determination of tyre model parameters experimentally in winter conditions
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2013
Pages:86 s. + liitt. 9      Language:   fin
Department/School:Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu
Main subject:Auto- ja työkonetekniikka   (Kon-16)
Supervisor:Juhala, Matti
Instructor:Tuononen, Ari
OEVS:
Electronic archive copy is available via Aalto Thesis Database.
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Location:P1 Ark Aalto  4291   | Archive
Keywords:tyre model
vehicle model
bicycle model
tyre testing
rengasmalli
ajoneuvomalli
kaksipyörämalli
rengastestaus
rengas
Abstract (eng): The product development of tyres is very difficult, time consuming and expensive.
This is emphasized especially with winter tyres.
It is more difficult to find differences between winter tyres because of the winter conditions.
Also, the length of the winter is rather short.
Computer simulations can be used to continue tyre testing with low resources around the year.

Non-linear tyre model is an important part of a simulation model especially when examining the effect of tyres.
Tyre model measurements must be conducted in order to build a tyre model.
Typically, these measurements are conducted in indoors using a tyre drum.
With winter tyres, these measurements are conducted in very unrealistic conditions.
The measurements can also be conducted outdoors at a test track, but even these measurements are not always realistic or they might be really expensive.

The intention of this thesis is to build a vehicle simulation model equipped with a non-linear tyre model that is based on tests conducted in an outdoor track.
The simulation model is based on bicycle model (also known as a single-track model) which is equipped with a more precise Magic Formula tyre model.
The measurements for the tyre model are conducted in test track conditions using a vehicle equipped with a spinning wheel integrated force transducer to measure wheel forces and an optical sensor to measure the slip angle of a wheel.

The largest challenges of this thesis are due to the nature of the test track-and winter conditions which both make the measurements more unreliable.
However, the results of this thesis show that it is possible to create a relatively accurate nonlinear tyre model based on test track measurements with a vehicle equipped with one wheel force transducer.
The thesis also shows that the bicycle model can be used to simulate vehicle behaviour relatively accurately.
The accuracy of the simulation model could be enhanced by altering the measuring process.
Abstract (fin): Renkaiden tuotekehitys on hyvin vaikeaa sekä aikaa vievää ja kallista.
Tämä korostuu etenkin talvirenkailla, sillä talviolosuhteista johtuen niistä on vaikea löytää eroja.
Lisäksi talven osuus vuodesta on hyvin lyhyt.
Tietokonesimulointeja voidaan käyttää hyväksi, jotta renkaiden testausta voitaisiin jatkaa vähillä resursseilla ympäri vuoden.

Epälineaarinen rengasmalli on hyvin tärkeä osa simulointimallia etenkin renkaiden vaikutusta tutkittaessa.
Rengasmallia varten on suoritettava mittauksia joiden perusteella rengasmalli voidaan rakentaa.
Nämä mittaukset tyypillisesti suoritetaan sisätiloissa rengasrumpua hyväksikäyttäen.
Talvirenkaan tapauksessa talloin rengas mitataan hyvin epärealistisissa olosuhteissa.
Renkaan mittaukset voidaan toteuttaa myös rataolosuhteissa, mutta nämäkään menetelmät eivät ole aina täysin realistisia, tai ne vaativat erityistä laitteistoa.

Tämän työn tarkoituksena on rakentaa ratamittauksiin perustuen epälineaarisella rengasmallilla varustettu ajoneuvosimulointimalli.
Simulaatiomalli perustuu kaksipyörämälliin, joka varustetaan tarkemmalla Magic Formula -rengasmallilla.
Rengasmallin mittaukset toteutetaan rataolosuhteissa voimavannetta ja optista nopeussensoria hyväksikäyttäen.

Työn suurimmat haasteet syntyvät sekä rata- että talviolosuhteiden luonteesta, jotka luovat epäluotettavuutta mittatuloksiin.
Työn tulokset kuitenkin näyttävät, että yhdellä voimavanteella varustetulla ajoneuvolla suoritetuista ratamittauksista voidaan luoda kohtalaisen tarkka epälineaarinen rengasmalli.
Työ myös osoittaa, että kaksipyörämallin avulla voidaan simuloida ajoneuvon käytöstä melko tarkasti.
Tarkkuutta voitaisiin vielä parantaa muuttamalla hieman mittaustapahtumaa tai kehittämällä monipuolisempi ajoneuvomalli.
ED:2013-10-17
INSSI record number: 47328
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