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Author:Tallgren, Johan
Title:Reforming of Natural Gas for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Reformering av naturgas för fastoxidbränsleceller
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2013
Pages:66 + [11]      Language:   eng
Department/School:Perustieteiden korkeakoulu
Main subject:Ydin- ja energiatekniikka   (Tfy-56)
Supervisor:Lund, Peter
Instructor:Thomann, Olivier ; Himanen, Olli
OEVS:
Electronic archive copy is available via Aalto Thesis Database.
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Location:P1 Ark Aalto  187   | Archive
Keywords:solid oxide fuel cell
steam reforming
catalytic partial oxidation
anode off-gas recycling
precious metal catalyst
fastoxidbränslecell
ångreformering
katalytisk partiell oxidation
återanvändning av anodavgaser
ädelmetallkatalysator
Abstract (eng): This work studies the reforming of natural gas for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC).
The aim of the thesis was to construct a reformer feeding reformate gas to a SOFC test station.
The reformer should be able to operate in steam reforming, catalytic partial oxidation and anode off-gas recycling mode and in a wide temperature and gas flow range.

SOFCs are seen as one of the promising energy conversion technologies.
A variety of hydrocarbons are suitable as fuels, but it is often sensible to use a pre-reformer which convert the fuel into a hydrogen-rich gas stream.
The thesis literature part gives an detailed overview of fuel cells and reforming methods.

The experimental work covers the construction process, including dimensioning of the reformer according to the specifications of the test station and reactor design to optimise heat transfer.
A precious metal catalyst was chosen for the reformer.
Methods for avoiding carbon formation were studied.
In addition, a Comsol Multiphysics computer simulation was constructed to demonstrated the couplings between heat and mass transfer and chemical reactions in the reformer.

The performance of the reformer was tested in all reforming modes.
The gas composition of product gas was analysed by gas chromatography and compared to calculated equilibrium values.
Additionally, the catalyst stability was tested in a 190 hour long test run in steam reforming.

All measured gas compositions matched closely with the calculated values.
The identified deviations were small and to no harm in practical use.
The heat transfer in the reactor was considered optimal and the operator can control the outlet gas temperature by setting the furnace to the targeted temperature.
No signs of degradation were seen in the stability test.
According to this study, the performance of the reformer is optimal in a wide operation range and this reformer design is suitable to be used in fuel cell research.
Abstract (swe): Målet med detta diplomarbete var att konstruera en reformer som levererar bränsle till en testanläggning för bränsleceller.
Reformern ska användas för ångreformering, katalytisk partiell oxidation och återanvändning av anodavgaser.
Den bör fungera i varierande temperaturer och med varierande gasflöden.

Fastoxidbränsleceller ses idag som en av de lovande metoderna för framtidens energiproduktion.
Flera kolväten kan fungera som bränslen men det är ofta förnuftigt att använda en förreformer som omvandlar bränslet till en väterik gasblandning.
Bränsleceller och olika reformeringsmetoder behandlas i diplomarbetets litteraturöversikt.

Den experimentella delen behandlar byggandet av reformer och presenterar komponenternas dimensionering utgående från testanläggningens specifikationer samt designandet av reaktorn för att uppnå hög värmeledning.
I arbetet användes en ädelmetallkatalysator.
Metoder för att undvika koksbildning undersöktes.
En simulering i Comsol Multiphysics konstruerades också för att demonstrera kopplingarna mellan värme- och masstransport och de kemiska reaktionerna.

Reformerns funktion testades med alla planerade reformeringsmetoder.
Produktgasens sammansättning analyserades med gaskromatografi och jämfördes med beräknade jämviktsvärden.
Katalysatorns stabilitet testades också i ett 190 timmar långt ångreformeringstest.

Gassammansättningen i alla tester överensstämde mycket väl med beräknade värden.
De uppmätta skillnaderna var små och spelar i praktisk tillämpning ringa roll.
Värmeledningen i reformern ansågs vara optimal.
Användaren kan kontrollera produktgasens temperatur genom att ställa in värmeugnen till den önskade temperaturen.
Inga tecken på försämring av katalysatorn observerades.
Sammanfattnings visar dessa resultat att reformern fungerar optimalt samt att denna reformerkonstruktion är ett passande verktyg för bränslecellsforskning.
ED:2013-06-17
INSSI record number: 46897
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