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Author:Virtanen, Tero
Title:Murskehiekan laatukriteerit ja kiviainesten suhteittaminen kustannustehokkaasti
Quality criteria of crushed fine aggregate and cost-effective proportioning of aggregates
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2011
Pages:vii + 126 + [18]      Language:   fin
Department/School:Rakennustekniikan laitos
Main subject:Rakennusmateriaalitekniikka   (Rak-82)
Supervisor:Penttala, Vesa
Instructor:Anttila, Vesa
OEVS:
Electronic archive copy is available via Aalto Thesis Database.
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Location:P1 Ark Aalto  2570   | Archive
Keywords:aggregate quality characteristics
crushed aggregate
aggregate proportioning
fines
kiviainesten laatuominaisuudet
murskattu kiviaines
kiviainessuhteitus
hienoaines
Abstract (eng): The aim of this Thesis was to find out the effects of crushed fine aggregate on concrete and achieve savings in concrete cost with new aggregate proportioning.
The research is divided in literary and experimental parts.
In the literal part the focus is in the characteristics of aggregate and their effects on properties of concrete, different aggregate types and aggregate proportioning.
Furthermore, the quality properties of fines were described.
According to literature study, different properties of aggregate affect concrete with different values.

First phase in the experimental part was to determine the quality characteristics of aggregate.
Second phase was the concrete tests which consist of three sections.
At first, the current mix proportioning's of six ready-mix plants for structural concrete and proportioning's of four plants for floor concrete were explored.
In the second section, sand was replaced by crushed fine aggregate.
Crushed aggregates was produced from either gravel or rock, crushing was executed with either vertical shaft impact (VSI) crusher or cone crusher and crushed sand was either washed or not.
Finally, fine aggregate of current mix proportioning's replaced by better sands on the basis of aggregate tests.
According to experimental study, several aggregate properties effect on concrete.
Hence sum effect chart was developed, which helps selecting aggregates for concrete.

The use of crushed sand impairs cost-effectiveness depending on process of manufacture, quality grade and petrography of rock in pit or quarry.
The best crushed fine aggregate in concrete was washed mixture of VSI-crushed gravel and natural sand.
Replacing sand with better fine aggregates can decrease the amount of cement in normal strength concrete about 30 kg per cubic metre.
Abstract (fin): Työn tarkoituksena oli selvittää murskehiekkojen vaikutukset betonin ominaisuuksiin sekä saavuttaa kustannussaastoja uusien kiviainessuhteutuksien avulla.
Tutkimus jakaantuu kirjalliseen ja kokeelliseen osaan.
Kirjallisessa osassa on käsitelty kiviainesominaisuuksia ja niiden vaikutuksia betoniin, kiviainestyyppejä ja kiviaineiden suhteittamista.
Kiviainesten laatuominaisuuksista käsiteltiin myös hienoainesominaisuudet, jotka olivat rakeisuus, ominaispinta-ala ja mineralogia.
Kirjallisuustutkimuksen perusteella useat eri kiviainesominaisuudet vaikuttavat betoniin erilaisin painoarvoin.

Tutkimuksen kokeellisessa osassa määritettiin ensin kiviaineiden ominaisuudet kiviaineskokeiden avulla.
Betonikokeet muodostuivat kolmesta osa-alueesta.
Ensin testattiin mukana olleiden kuuden valmisbetonitehtaan suhteutuksia rakennebetonille sekä neljän tehtaan suhteutuksia lattiabetoneille.
Toisessa osassa hiekka korvattiin murskeilla.
Murskehiekkoja valmistettiin sekä sorasta että kalliosta, murskaimina toimi sekä keskipako- että karamurskain ja murskeita oli sekä pesemättöminä että vesiseulottuina.
Lopuksi betonihiekkoja korvattiin kiviaineskokeiden perusteella hyviksi havaituilla betonihiekoilla.

Kokeiden perusteella monet kiviainesominaisuudet vaikuttavat betoniin.
Tästä syystä kehitettiin summavaikutuskaavio, joka helpottaa runkoaineiden kelpoisuuden toteamisessa.
Murskehiekan käyttö betonissa huonontaa betonin kustannustehokkuutta riippuen murskeen valmistusprosessista, jalostusasteesta ja ottoalueesta.
Parhaiten murskeista toimii keskipakomurskatun ja luonnon hiekan vesiseulottu seos.
Vaihtamalla hiekkoja hyväksi havaittuihin betonihiekkoihin kustannustehokkuuden tunnusluku parani keskimäärin 0,9 yksikköä, mikä tarkoittaa normaalilujuisella betonilla noin 30 kg säästöä sementissä betonikuutiota kohden.
ED:2011-05-30
INSSI record number: 42100
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