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Author:Väkevä, Minna
Title:1-Butanolin dehydratointi
1-Butanol dehydration
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2011
Pages:viii + 78 + [6]      Language:   fin
Department/School:Biotekniikan ja kemian tekniikan laitos
Main subject:Teknillinen kemia   (Kem-40)
Supervisor:Krause, Outi
Instructor:Airaksinen, Sanna ; Kurkijärvi, Antti
OEVS:
Electronic archive copy is available via Aalto Thesis Database.
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Location:P1 Ark Aalto  1956   | Archive
Keywords:1-butanol
dehydration
1-butanoli
dehydratointi
y-Al2O3
Abstract (eng): The purpose of this master's thesis was to examine 1-butanol dehydration reaction which is widely used as a model reaction to characterize acidic sites on catalysts. 1-Butanol is a linear C4 alcohol that can be produced e.g. via ABE fermentation process.

The first part of the thesis, the literature review, presents a wide variety of catalysts used in alcohol dehydration with emphasis on y-Al2O3, a binary oxide catalyst known to possess Lewis acidity.
Reaction mechanisms and other possible reactions in similar conditions were reviewed.
The main products of the reaction are different butenes that can be used in petrochemical industry.
The selection of the catalyst and reaction conditions affects the product distribution.

In the experimental part of the thesis, an analysis for 1-butanol dehydration was developed and a set of 1-butanol dehydration experiments was carried out.
An online Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) gas analyser was calibrated for the expected products and the reactor set-up was modified to be used in 1-butanol dehydration.
Two different types of flow reactors were used: a conventional packed-bed reactor and a small-scale micro channel reactor. y-Al2O3 was used as the catalyst in both of the reactors, as particles in packed-bed reactor and as coated on the channels of the micro channel reactor.
One experiment in the packed-bed reactor was also done with a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) catalyst treated with acid.

The temperature range in the 1-butanol dehydration experiments was 280 - 450 °C and the reagent mass flow per the mass of the catalyst (weight hourly space velocity, WHSV) was varied between 47 and 391 h-1, the total flow through the FTIR equipment being the limiting factor.
Conversion and selectivity were found to be strongly dependent on the temperature. y-Al2O3 was very selective towards 1-butene at temperatures over 370 °C whereas dibutyl ether was the main product at temperatures under 300 °C.
Higher conversions were achieved with the micro channel reactor.
The y-Al2O3 catalyst was more active than the MWCNT catalyst.
Abstract (fin): Diplomityössä tutkittiin 1-butanolin dehydratointireaktiota. 1-Butanoli on nelihiilinen suoraketjuinen alkoholi, jota saadaan esimerkiksi ABE-fermentoinnin tuotteena.
Alkoholien dehydratointi on happokatalysoitu reaktio, jota käytetään muun muassa mallireaktiona katalyyttien happopaikkojen tutkimisessa.

Kirjallisuusosa esittelee erilaisia dehydratoinnissa käytettyjä katalyyttejä keskittyen y-Al2O3:een, joka on yksi happamimmista binaarisista oksideista.
Kirjallisuustyössä käsitellään myös reaktiomekanismeja sekä buteenien isomeroitumista, joka tapahtuu samankaltaisissa olosuhteissa.
Päätuotteita 1-butanolin dehydratoinnissa ovat buteenit, joita voidaan käyttää esimerkiksi erilaisten polttoainekomponenttien lähtöaineina.
Katalyytin valinnalla ja reaktio-olosuhteilla voidaan vaikuttaa reaktion tuotejakaumaan.

Kokeellisessa osassa tarkasteltiin FTIR-kaasuanalysaattorin kalibrointia tämäntyyppisiä mittauksia varten sekä tutkittiin 1-butanolin dehydratointia.
Kokeissa käytettiin kahta erityyppistä virtausreaktoria, perinteistä kiintokerrosreaktoria sekä pienemmän mittakaavan mikrokanavareaktoria.
Molemmissa reaktoreissa katalyyttinä käytettiin y-Al2O3:aa, lisäksi kiintokerrosreaktorissa tehtiin yksi koe moniseinäisellä hiilinanoputkikatalyytillä (multi-walled carbon nanotube, MWCNT).

1-Butanolin dehydratointia tutkittiin lämpötila-alueella 280 - 450 °C. 1-Butanolin massavirta katalyytin massaa kohden (weight hourly space velocity, WHSV) vaihteli 47 - 391 h-1, rajoitteena massavirran pienentämiselle oli FTIR-analyysilaitteiston läpi kulkeva virtaus.
Lämpötilalla oli suuri vaikutus konversioon ja selektiivisyyteen.
Yli 370 °C:een lämpötiloissa y-AI203-katalyytillä saavutettiin aina yli 80 % selektiivisyys 1-buteeniksi kun taas alle 300 °C:ssa päätuote oli dibutyylieetteri.
Mikrokanavareaktorilla saavutettiin·korkeampia konversioita kuin kiintokerrosreaktorilla. y-Al2O3-katalyytti oli aktiivisempi kuin happokäsitelty MWCNT-katalyytti.
ED:2011-07-04
INSSI record number: 42611
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