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Author:Ylänen, Markus
Title:Wave Powered Desalination by Reverse Osmosis - A Feasibility Study
Makean veden tuotanto aaltoenergian ja käänteisosmoosin avulla - Kannattavuustutkimus
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2012
Pages:(8) + 75 s. + liitt. 5      Language:   eng
Department/School:Energiatekniikan laitos
Main subject:Lämpötekniikka ja koneoppi   (Ene-39)
Supervisor:Lampinen, Markku
Instructor:Kasanen, Erkki ; Laukkanen, Antti
Electronic version URL: http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-201212083435
OEVS:
Electronic archive copy is available via Aalto Thesis Database.
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Location:P1 Ark Aalto  4676   | Archive
Keywords:wave energy
desalination
reserve osmosis
fresh water
aaltoenergia
suolan poisto
käänteisosmoosi
makea vesi
Abstract (eng): The fresh water situation on Earth is dire, and due to accelerating population growth there will be even less water for each person.
At the same time fossil fuels are diminishing rapidly.
Therefore there is a need for non-polluting fresh water production.
The purpose of this thesis is to study the feasibility of wave powered desalination: what areas would be potential for wave powered desalination and how much the produced water would cost.

The wave powered desalination system examined in this thesis is called AaltoRO and essentially it encompasses of a Wave Energy Convertor (WEC) and of a Reverse Osmosis (RO) facility.
The WEC pressurizes the seawater directly to a suitable pressure, which is fed via a medium pressure pipeline to the onshore RO facility where fresh water is produced.

By examining the world based on three parameters: the wave power resource, the need for fresh water and the price of electricity, six areas are defined as potential for the AaltoRO system.
These areas are Australia, the Canary Islands, Chile, Hawaii, South Africa and the western parts of the United States.

The feasibility of AaltoRO is examined by first modelling the optimum configuration of the system according to the current best practices.
Second, the optimum pressure level was determined and found out to be 45 bar.
Third, the fresh water production is calculated on four areas, with different wave power resources.
Fourth, the capital and operational expenses of the system are estimated and the cost of water calculated with the annuity method.

The minimum cost of water is 0,6 €/m3 with a daily production of 3700 m3/day on Site 4, which has a wave power resource of 38 kW/m.
The highest minimum cost of water was 1,5 €/m3 with a daily production of 570 m3/day on Site 2 (9,5 kW/m).
It was demonstrated that the wave power resource is inversely proportional to the cost of water and that the cost of water from AaltoRO is on the same level as with other research projects (0,56 €/m3) and real life plants (0,49 €/m3).
Thus, AaltoRO is feasible.
One AaltoRO system could produce enough fresh water e.g. for 7500 Australians, 21 150 Peruvians, 750 000 Mozambiques or irrigational water for 139 hectares.
Abstract (fin): Maailman makean veden tilanne on uhkaava, ja kiihtyvä väestönkasvu kiristää tilannetta entisestään.
Tulevaisuudessa vettä riittää ihmisille yhä vähemmän.
Samaan aikaan fossiiliset polttoaineet hupenevat nopeasti.
Näin ollen saastuttamattomille veden tuotantotekniikoille on suuri kysyntä.
Tämän diplomityön tarkoitus on tutkia aaltovoimalla toimivan suolanpoistojärjestelmän kannattavuutta: millä alueilla järjestelmä olisi kannattava ja kuinka paljon tuotettu vesi maksaisi.

Työssä tutkitaan aaltovoimalla toimivaa suolanpoistojärjestelmää, AaltoRO:ta.
Sen pääkomponentit ovat aaltovoimala ja käänteisosmoosilaitos.
Aaltovoimala paineistaa meriveden haluttuun paineeseen asti, jonka jälkeen paineistettu merivesi siirretään keskipaineputkistoa pitkin mantereelle, jossa käänteisosmooslaitoksessa erotetaan makea vesi merivedestä.

Maailman alueita tutkittiin kolmen tekijän pohjalta: aaltovoimaresurssi, makean veden tarve ja sähkön hinta.
Kuusi aluetta todetaan sopivan AaltoRO:lle.
Nämä alueet ovat Australia, Kanarian saaret, Chile, Hawaiji, Etelä-Afrikka ja Yhdysvaltain länsiosat.

AaltoRO:n kannattavuutta tutkitaan muodostamalla järjestelmästä optimaalisin versio nykyistä huipputekniikkaa soveltamalla.
Tuotannon kannalta paras painetaso lasketaan ja sen todetaan olevan 45 bar.
Järjestelmän tuottama vesi määritetään neljällä aaltoteholtaan erilaisella alueella.
Investointi- ja käyttökustannukset arvioidaan ja tuotetun veden hinta määritellään annuiteettimenetelmää soveltaen.

Veden minimikustannus on 0,6 €/m3, kun tuotanto on 3700 m3/päivä alueella 4, jonka aaltoteho on 38 kW/m.
Suurin veden minimikustannus on 1,5 €/m3, kun tuotanto on 570 m3/päivä alueella 2 (9,5 kW/m).
Aaltoteho ja tuotetun veden hinta todetaan olevan käänteisesti verrannolliset.
Lisäksi AaltoRO:lla tuotetun veden hinta todetaan olevan samalla tasolla kuin muissa tutkimusprojekteissa (0,56 €/m3) tai todellisissa laitoksissa (0,49 €/m3).
Näin AaltoRO:n voidaan todetan olevan kaupallisesti kannattava.
Yksi AaltoRO-laitos voi tuottaa riittävästi makeaa vettä 7500 australialaiselle, 21 150 perulaiselle, 750 000 mozambikilaiselle tai kasteluvettä 139 hehtaarille.
ED:2012-11-26
INSSI record number: 45437
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