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Author:Haapala, Tuomas
Title:Low-power impulse radio transmitter in 180 nanometer CMOS
Matalatehoinen impulssiradiolähetin 180 nanometrin CMOS-teknologialla
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2015
Pages:7 + 55 s. + liitt. 13      Language:   eng
Department/School:Sähkötekniikan korkeakoulu
Main subject:Mikro- ja nanotekniikka   (S3010)
Supervisor:Halonen, Kari
Instructor:Salomaa, Jarno
Electronic version URL: http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-201511205208
Location:P1 Ark Aalto  3203   | Archive
Keywords:impulse radio
transmitter
CMOS
energy harvesting
impulssiradio
radiolähetin
ultralaajakaistainen
matalatehoinen
energian kerääminen
langaton sensoriverkko
energiaomavarainen sensori
Abstract (eng):In this thesis, a low-power impulse radio transmitter tailored for an energy harvesting autonomous sensor node is designed and processed in 180 nanometer CMOS.
The transmitter is capable of a 10-meter non-line-of-sight operation range and achieves a data rate suitable for delivering real-time high-quality audio, simultaneously following an autonomous sensor node's energy budget.

The energy budget is derived based on an energy harvester and power management literature and confirming measurements.
Narrow-band and ultra-wideband radio technologies are discussed and their performance in low-power applications is evaluated based on an extensive literature review.
Impulse radio transmitters are selected for further examination.
Based on the examination and the review, the most prominent transmitter architecture is selected as the basis for this work's transmitter design.
The transmitter design introduces a novel delay block topology and a new PA tuning scheme.

While the transmitter is designed to be mounted directly onto a printed circuit board, the measurements presented in this thesis are for a packaged chip.
The simulated transmitter achieves 4.1 pJ of impulse energy, 50 nA of leakage current and 13 % of system efficiency, consuming 32.2 µW at 1 Mpps from a 1.2 V supply.
The measured transmitter achieves 710 fJ of impulse energy, 145 nA of leakage current and 1.9 % of system efficiency, consuming 38.6 µW at 1 Mpps.
The impulse center frequency is adjustable from 3 to 5 GHz for both the simulated and the measured transmitter.
ED:2015-11-29
INSSI record number: 52548
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