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Author:Heikkinen, Olli Veikko
Title:Adsorption of maleic anhydride on platinum (111) and palladium (110) surfaces
Maleiinianhydridin adsorptio platina (111) ja palladium (110) -pinnoille
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2012
Pages:vi + 74 s. + liitt. 13      Language:   eng
Department/School:Teknillisen fysiikan laitos
Main subject:Fysiikka   (Tfy-3)
Supervisor:Liljeroth, Peter
Instructor:Sinha, Godhuli
OEVS:
Electronic archive copy is available via Aalto Thesis Database.
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Location:P1 Ark Aalto  234   | Archive
Keywords:adsorption
CVD
desorption
LEED
maleic anhydride
palladium
platinum
single crystal
surface science
TDS
temperature programmed desorption
TPD
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
XPS
adsorptio
CVD
desorptio
LEED
maleiinianhydridi
palladium
pintatutkimus
platina
röntgenherätteinen fotoelektronispektroskopia
TDS
terminen desorptiospektroskopia
TPD
XPS
yksittäiskide
Abstract (eng): Maleic anhydride (C4H2O3) is an organic, planar and cyclic molecule.
At room temperature it is a solid and crystalline substance that can take part in many reactions and form various compounds.
The most important of them is maleic acid, formed by dissolving maleic anhydride into water.
Maleic anhydride has industrial and commercial potential and it has already been used for instance in production of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals and polyester resins.

In this thesis, adsorption and desorption of maleic anhydride has been studied by using two different single crystal substrates.
Platinum (111) is a hexagonal surface lattice and palladium (110) a rectangular one.
There are no published reports on maleic anhydride adsorption on noble metal single crystal substrates, although the phenomenon has been studied with a few oxygen and silicon surfaces.
Both experimental and computational studies are available.

Adsorption of maleic anhydride in the experiments reported in this thesis has been carried out in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber with a base pressure of 5 x 10-10 millibars.
Chemical vapour depostion has been used as the deposition technique.
Solid maleic anhydride has been evaporated and the vapour has been introduced to the vacuum chamber via a leak valve.
The incoming maleic anhydride molecules have been directed towards the single crystal surfaces which have been at a temperature of 190 kelvins.

Three measurement techiques have been applied to study the sample.
The relative proportions of different compounds on the sample surfaces as a function of temperature and dosage have been measured with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Desorption of molecules from the surfaces as a function of temperature has been measured with temperature programmed desorption (or thermal desorption spectroscopy).
The crystallographic superstructures of the adsorbed molecules has been studied with low-energy electron diffraction.
By the experimental results a model has been proposed to show the nature of desorption of maleic anhydride molecules from the surfaces.
Abstract (fin): Maleiinianhydridi (C4H2O3) on orgaaninen, tasomaisesta renkaasta koostuva molekyyli.
Se on huoneenlämmössä kiinteä, kiteinen aine, joka voi osallistua moniin kemiallisiin reaktioihin ja muodostaa erilaisia yhdisteitä.
Merkittävin niistä on maleiinianhydridistä ja vedestä muodostuva maleiinihappo.
Maleiinianhydridiä valmistetaan teollisesti, ja nykyään sitä käytetään erilaisten lääke- ja maatalouskemikaalien sekä polyesterihartsien valmistusprosesseissa.

Tässä työssä maleiinianhydridin adsorptiota ja desorptiota on tutkittu käyttämällä substraatteina kahta erilaista yksittäiskidepintaa.
Platina (111) muodostaa kuusikulmaisen kidehilan ja palladium (110) suorakulmiomaisen.
Kirjallisuudessa ei ole artikkeleita maleiinianhydridin adsorptiosta jalometalliyksittäiskiteille, joskin muutamilla oksidi- sekä piipinnoilla ilmiötä on tutkittu niin kokeellisesti kuin laskennallisestikin.

Maleiinianhydridin adsorptiota on tässä työssä käsiteltävissä kokeissa tutkittu ultratyhjiökammiossa (pohjapaine 5 x 10-10 millibaria).
Adsorptio on aikaansaatu CVD-tekniikalla.
Kiteistä maleiinianhydridiä on kuumennettu, ja muodostunut höyry on päästetty tyhjiökammioon vuotoventtiilin kautta.
Maleiinianhydridimolekyylit on ohjattu suoraan kohti näytepintaa, jonka lämpötila on ollut noin 190 kelviniä.

Mittauksiin on käytetty kolmea eri tekniikkaa.
Eri yhdisteiden keskinäisiä osuuksia näytepinnalla annoksen ja lämpötilan funktiona on mitattu röntgenherätteisellä fotoelektronispektroskopialla.
Molekyylien desorptiota pinnoilta lämpötilan funktiona on mitattu termisellä desorptiospektroskopialla.
Adsorboituneiden molekyylien pintahilarakennetta on tarkasteltu matalaenergisten elektronien sironnalla.
Saatujen tulosten perusteella on laadittu malli, joka esittää, millainen adsorboituneiden maleiinianhydridimolekyylien desorptioprosessi näytepinnoilta on.
ED:2012-06-06
INSSI record number: 44665
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