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Author:Ingo, Christina
Title:Optimization of gas-methane-number-upgrading process
Optimering av en process för att förbättra gasens metantal
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2012
Pages:viii + 73 + [12]      Language:   eng
Department/School:Kemian laitos
Main subject:Teknillinen kemia   (Kem-40)
Supervisor:Lehtonen, Juha
Instructor:Ruohomäki, Jaakko ; Karinen, Reetta
OEVS:
Electronic archive copy is available via Aalto Thesis Database.
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Location:P1 Ark Aalto  1971   | Archive
Keywords:methane number
S/C ratio
pre-reforming
metantal
S/C förhållande
förreformering
Abstract (eng): The target of this Master's Thesis was to reduce the water consumption costs in a pre-reforming process, where a hydrocarbon gas mixture with a low methane number (MN) was mixed with steam to produce gas with a high methane number but without coke formation on the catalyst surface.
The literature review presents the prereforming techniques, how the steam to carbon ratio (S/C) affects the coke formation in reforming processes, as well as some sea water purification methods.
In addition, the production and consumption of electricity offshore is described.

In the experimental part, different S/C ratios were examined at three temperatures to observe whether coke was formed on a nickel catalyst in a pre-reforming reactor.
The used S/C ratios were 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2, while the temperatures were 350 °C, 400 °C, and 450 °C, respectively.
The effect of carbon dioxide addition on coke formation was also Investigated applying temperature of 400 °C and the S/C ratio 1.3.

A small amount of coke was formed in all experiments and the coke amount was increasing with lower S/C ratio at 400 °C.
At all other temperatures and S/C ratios the coke formation was hazardous but low and no obvious trend could be determined.
The formed coke amount in the experiments with carbon dioxide was in the same order of magnitude as in the experiments without CO2 indicating that the feed composition did not affect the coke formation.
The MN of the obtained product gases was higher than 85 in all experiments and the highest MNs were obtained in the experiments with CO2, According to this study, it is possibly to apply a lower S/C ratio in the pre-reforming process, since the amount of the formed coke was very low in all experiments.
Abstract (swe): Målet med det här diplomarbetet var att minska vattenkonsumtionskostnaderna i en förreformeringsprocess, där en kolväteblandning med lågt metantal (MN) blandades med ånga för att bilda en produktgas med högt MN utan koksbildning på katalysatorytan.
Litteraturstudien presenterar förreformeringsteknikerna, hur ånga-kol förhållandet (S/C) påverkar koks bildningen i olika reformeringsprocesser, samt några havsvattenreningsmetoder.
Dessutom beskrivs det hur elektricitet kan tillverkas och konsumeras till havs.

I den experimentella delen har olika S/C förhållanden undersökts vid tre olika temperaturer för att se om koks bildades på en nickelkatalysator i en förreformeringsreaktor.
De använda S/C förhållanden var 0,6, 0,9 och 1,2, medan temperaturerna var 350 °C, 400 °C och 450 °C.
Även tillsatsen av koldioxid i kolväteblandningen granskades för att se om det hade någon påverkan på koksbildningen när temperaturen var 400 °C och S/C förhållandet 1,3.

En liten andel koks bildades i alla experiment, där koksmängden ökade med lägre S/C förhållanden i 400 °C.
Vid alla andra temperaturer och S/C förhållanden var koksbildningen slumpmässigt och någon tydlig trend kunde därför inte bestämmas.
För experimenten med koldioxid var mängden bildad koks ungefär i samma storleksordning som i experimenten utan koldioxid, vilket innebär att tillsatsen av CO2 inte har någon påverkan på koksbildningen.
MN för de erhållna produktgaserna hade ett värde som var högre än 85 i alla experiment, där de högsta MN hittades i CO2 fallen.

Enligt den här studien är det således möjligt att tillämpa ett lägre S/C förhållande i förreformeringsprocessen, eftersom mängden av den bildade koksen var mycket liten i alla experiment.
ED:2013-01-09
INSSI record number: 45780
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