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Author:Waljus, Topi
Title:Ammoniakin talteenotto hapanvesiyksiköiden prosessivirroista
Ammonia recovery from sour water unit's process flows
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2014
Pages:viii + 83 s. + liitt. 7      Language:   fin
Department/School:Kemian tekniikan korkeakoulu
Main subject:Process Systems Engineering   (KE3004)
Supervisor:Jämsä-Jounela, Sirkka-Liisa
Instructor:Sarikkola, Marja ; Touronen, Jouni
Electronic version URL: http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-201411223054
OEVS:
Electronic archive copy is available via Aalto Thesis Database.
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Location:P1 Ark Aalto  2536   | Archive
Keywords:ammonia
ammonium thiosulfate
simulation
control strategy
ammoniakki
ammoniumtiosulfaatti
Aspen
simulointi
ohjausstrategia
Abstract (eng):As environmental regulations become tighter the reduction of sulfur dioxide and other emissions has become increasingly important for the oil refining industry.
In the process of refining crude oil acid gas that consists of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia is produced.
Traditionally, this gas is treated in a Claus process where hydrogen sulfide is oxidized into elemental sulfur and ammonia into nitrogen.
Ammonia however creates indirect disturbances to the Claus process as it may produce salts that foul and plug the system.
The goal of the thesis was to gather information about ammonia recovery from sour water units' process flows.

In the thesis the effect of ammonia in sulphur recovery is introduced and information about environmental regulations and control strategies are discussed.
The process environment where the ammonia would be to recover from is observed and different methods for ammonia removal are introduced.
These methods are compared with one another and ammonium thiosulfate processes are observed in detail.

Later in the work the balance of one ammonium thiosulfate process is calculated and it has been simulated with Aspen Plus V8.4 simulation program with the initial values from the process environment.
The goal was to produce a control strategy for an ammonium thiosulfate process that would eventually consume all the ammonia fed to the process and produce at least 60 w-% ammonium thiosulfate solution.
With the aid of the remarks gathered from the simulation it was possible to introduce control strategy for the changes in capacity, the quality of the product and the gas emissions produced by the simulated process.

From the data gathered from the simulation it is possible to mention that the simulated ammonium thiosulfate process is an effective method for ammonia recovery and additionally it increases the sulfur processing capacity of the oil refinery.
Abstract (fin):Ympäristölainsäädäntöjen tiukentuessa rikkidioksidin ja muiden päästöjen vähentäminen on ollut jatkuva kiinnostuksen kohde öljynjalostuksessa.
Raakaöljyn prosessoinnissa syntyy hapankaasua, joka sisältää rikkivetyä ja ammoniakkia.
Perinteisesti tämä kaasu on käsitelty Claus-prosessissa, jossa rikkivety hapetetaan elementaalirikiksi ja ammoniakki typeksi.
Ammoniakki saattaa aiheuttaa välillisesti tukkeumilla prosessihäiriöitä sekä päästöjä Claus-prosessissa.
Työn tarkoituksena oli perehtyä ammoniakin talteenottoon hapanvesiyksikköjen prosessivirroista.

Työssä tarkasteltiin yleisesti ammoniakin vaikutusta rikin talteenottoon, ympäristölainsäädäntöä, prosessinohjausta sekä prosessiympäristöä, josta ammoniakki halutaan ottaa talteen, ja sen jälkeen erilaisia menetelmiä ammoniakin talteenottoon.
Näitä menetelmiä verrattiin keskenään ja vertailun perusteella valittiin tarkempaan tarkasteluun ammoniumtiosulfaattiprosessit.
Näistä prosesseista tarkasteltiin myös ohjausstrategiaa tuotelaadun ja kaasuemissioiden kannalta.

Myöhemmin työssä laskettiin ammoniumtiosulfaattiprosessille tase, kehitettiin steady-state-simulointi Aspen Plus V8.4-ohjelmalla.
Tavoitteena oli tehdä ohjausstrategia ammoniumtiosulfaattiprosessille, joka kuluttaa kaiken siihen syötetyn ammoniakin ja valmistaa vähintään 60 p-% ammoniumtiosulfaattiliuosta.
Simuloinnista tehtyjen havaintojen perusteella otettiin kantaa simuloidun prosessin ohjausstrategiaan kapasiteetin muutoksen, tuotteen laadun ja kaasuemissioiden kannalta.

Simuloinnista kerätyn datan perusteella voidaan todeta ammoniumtiosulfaattiprosessin ottavan tehokkaasti talteen ammoniakin ja nostavan jalostamon rikinkäsittelykapasiteettia.
ED:2014-11-30
INSSI record number: 50115
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