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Author:Hiekkanen, Timo
Title:Virtualized Loudspeaker Testing
Paikkariippumaton menetelmä kaiuttimien vertailuun
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2008
Pages:viii + 76 s. + [4]      Language:   eng
Department/School:Signaalinkäsittelyn ja akustiikan laitos
Degree programme:Tietoliikennetekniikan tutkinto-ohjelma
Main subject:Akustiikka ja äänenkäsittelytekniikka   (S-89)
Supervisor:Karjalainen, Matti
Instructor:
Electronic version URL: http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:tkk-011992
OEVS:
Electronic archive copy is available via Aalto Thesis Database.
Instructions

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Location:P1 Ark TKK  439   | Archive
Keywords:binaural techniques
virtual reality
loudspeakers
listening tests
spatial sound
binauraalitekniikat
keinotodellisuus
kaiuttimet
kuuntelukokeet
tilaääni
Abstract (eng):Loudspeakers cannot be accurately compared to each other in room conditions since the placement of loudspeakers has a significant effect on the results.
Also, the comparison of multiple loudspeakers is limited by the poor auditory memory of humans since the repositioning of the loudspeakers cannot be done instantly.

In this thesis, the fundamentals of spatial hearing and sound reproduction are reviewed and a binaural method for loudspeaker comparisons is developed.
The proposed method utilizes individual binaural responses together with an artificial head and headphones to enable fast, seamless and place-independent switching between different loudspeakers.
The method overcomes the worst drawbacks of traditional loudspeaker listening tests but new problems related to the measurement accuracy and reproduction arise.

Formal listening tests were conducted to examine the differences between the binaural method and the real loudspeakers in a standard listening room.
It was found out that the binaural method is close to imperceptible compared to reality when a speech signal is listened to.
However, the difference to the real loudspeakers increases when audio material with more energy at high frequencies is used.
The listening tests revealed that individually equalized responses of an artificial head are applicable to binaural synthesis almost as well as individual true-head responses.
Abstract (fin):Kaiuttimien vertaileminen huoneolosuhteissa on vaikeaa, koska pienetkin erot kaiuttimien sijoittelussa vaikuttavat lopputulokseen.
Ihmisen kuulomuistin lyhyys rajoittaa vertailtavien kaiuttimien määrää, jos kaiuttimet sijoitetaan vuorotellen samaan pisteeseen.

Työn kirjallisuusosiossa esitellään tilakuulon ja äänentoiston perusteita.
Myöhemmässä osassa esitetään binauraalitekniikkaan perustuva menetelmä kaiutinten vertailuun.
Menetelmä perustuu mitattujen tosi- ja keinopäävasteiden käyttöön yhdessä kuulokkeiden kanssa, ja sen avulla voidaan verrata useita kaiutinpareja viiveettömästi.
Vaikka työssä esitetty menetelmä ohittaa perinteisiin kuuntelukokeisiin liittyvät ongelmat, sen käyttökelpoisuutta rajaavat mittausepävarmuus ja toiston tarkkuus.

Menetelmän toimivuutta tutkittiin kuuntelukokeessa.
Kokeella selvitettiin, kuinka paljon binauraalinen toisto eroaa todellisesta kuuntelutilanteesta.
Puhesignaalilla menetelmä oli lähes erottamaton todellisuudesta.
Musiikki- ja kohinasignaaleilla koehenkilöt arvioivat eron olevan havaittava tai hieman häiritsevä.
Koe osoitti, että yksilöllisesti korjatut keinopäävasteet soveltuvat binauraalisynteesiin lähes yhtä hyvin kuin tosipäävasteet.
ED:2008-09-16
INSSI record number: 36238
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