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Author:Viljanen, Siiri
Title:Utilisation of spent sulohite liquor (SSL) for chemical production
Kemikaalien tuotto sulfiittijäteliemestä
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2011
Pages:vi + 62 + [10]      Language:   eng
Department/School:Biotekniikan ja kemian tekniikan laitos
Main subject:Bioprosessitekniikka   (Kem-70)
Supervisor:Leisola, Matti
Instructor:Granström, Tom
OEVS:
Electronic archive copy is available via Aalto Thesis Database.
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Location:P1 Ark Aalto  1959   | Archive
Keywords:sulphite spent liquor
fermentation
butanol
lactic acid
propionic acid
sulfiittijäteliemi
fermentointi
butanoli
maitohappo
propionihappo
Abstract (eng): The applications of sulphite spent liquor (SSL) using different microorganisms including bacteria, yeasts and fungi were studied.
SSL is a side stream from sulphite pulping containing galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose and some other sugars.
The objective was to produce alcohols (ethanol and butanol) and acids (lactic acid, propionic acid and itaconic acid) from the fermentable sugars in SSL.
The effect of fermentation inhibitors for growth and chemical production was evaluated.
The most problematic inhibitor for all the microorganisms was sulphite.

The growth of chosen microorganisms was studied without any supplements, addition of yeast extract (12 g/l) and increasing amounts of reference medium mixed with SSL.
The results indicate that LAB and yeasts were able to grow on SSL without any supplements.
However, the more supplements were mixed to SSL the better the microorganisms were growing.

SSL was pre-treated by conditioning process including evaporation and steam stripping to decrease the sulphite concentration.
Before the cultivation the SSL was treated with ion exchange treatment to remove the remaining's of sulphur compounds.
The removal of sulphite increased the product yields.
Fed-batch cultivation was carried out to decrease the effect of inhibitors.
The highest lactic acid concentration with Lactobacillus plantarum was 26 g/l, when pre-treated SSL was used as a feedstock.
When SSL was used as such without pre-treatment the lactic acid concentration was 4.5 g/l.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced the highest biomass concentrations in aerobic conditions indicating high tolerance for the inhibitors in SSL.
The anaerobic yeast cultivations aiming to produce ethanol were not carried out further with conditioned SSL.

Clostridium beijerinckii grew on sulphite-free SSL, but the final butanol concentrations were very low.
In addition to lactic acid also propionic acid seems to be a promising product according to the flask cultivations with Propionibacterium acidipropionici on conditioned SSL.
More research is required to optimise the medium composition to develop butanol and propionic acid production procedures.

The mould Aspergillus terreus producing itaconic acid had very poor growth properties and did not grow on SSL.
Abstract (fin): Sulfiittijäteliemen (SSL) ominaisuuksia kemikaalien tuoton raaka-aineena tutkittiin bakteereilla, hiivoilla ja sienellä.
SSL on sulfiittiselluloosaprosessin sivutuote, joka sisältää galaktoosia, glukoosia, ksyloosia, mannoosia ja muita sokereita.
Työn tarkoitus oli tuottaa alkoholeja (etanoli ja butanoli) ja happoja (maitohappo, propionihappo ja itakonihappo) SSL:n käymiskelpoisista sokereista.
Työssä tutkittiin SSL:n inhiboivien aineiden vaikutusta mikrobien kasvuun ja kemikaalien tuottoon.
Johtopäätöksenä havaittiin, että sulfiitti oli ongelmallisin inhibiittori kaikille mikro-organismeille.

Valittujen mikro-organismien kasvua tutkittiin ilman lisäravinteita, hiivauutelisäyksellä (12 g/l) sekä kasvavissa määrissä referenssikasvatusalustaa sekoitettuna SSL:ään.
Tulokset osoittavat, että maitohappobakteerit ja hiivat pystyivät kasvamaan SSL:ssä ilman lisäravinteita, mutta mitä enemmän lisäravinteita kasvatusalustassa oli, sitä paremmin organismit kasvoivat.

SSL esikäsiteltiin mm. haihduttamalla ja höyrykäsittelyllä sulfiittipitoisuuden laskemiseksi.
Ennen kasvatusta SSL käsiteltiin vielä ioninvaihtohartsilla, joka poistaa jäljelle jääneet rikkiyhdisteet.
Sulfiitin poisto nosti kemikaalien tuottoa.
Kasvatusmenetelmäksi valittiin panossyöttö-kasvatus, jotta inhibiittorien vaikutus pienenisi.
Suurin maitohappokonsentraatio 26 g/l saavutettiin Lactobacillus plantarum -bakteerilla, kun käytettiin esikäsiteltyä SSL:ää.
Ilman SSL:n esikäsittelyä maitohappokonsentraatio oli 4,5 g/l.

Saccharomyces cerevislae tuotti eniten biomassaa aerobisissa olosuhteissa osoittaen korkeaa inhibiittoreiden sietokykyä.
Etanolin tuottamista anaerobisissa olosuhteissa ei tutkittu esikäsitellyllä SSL:llä.

Clostridium beijerinckli kasvoi sulfiittivapaalla SSL:llä, mutta lopulliset butanolikonsentraatiot olivat hyvin pieniä.
Maitohapon lisäksi propionihappo vaikuttaa lupaavalta tuotteelta pullokokeiden perusteella, joissa kasvatettiin Propionibacterium acidipropionici -bakteeria esikäsitellyllä SSL:llä.
Sekä butanolin että propionihapon tuottoprosessit kaipaavat lisää tutkimusta kasvatusalustan optimoinnissa.

Aspergillus terreus -sieni ei kasvanut ollenkaan SSL:llä.
ED:2011-12-15
INSSI record number: 43258
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