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Author:Rekola, Heikki
Title:Polymer gratings for surface plasmon polariton studies on metal surfaces
Polymeerihilojen käyttö pintaplasmonitutkimuksessa metallipinnoilla
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2013
Pages:v + 50      Language:   eng
Department/School:Teknillisen fysiikan laitos
Main subject:Fysiikka (laskennallinen fysiikka)   (Tfy-105)
Supervisor:Törmä, Päivi
Instructor:Hakala, Tommi
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Location:P1 Ark Aalto  533   | Archive
Keywords:surface plasmons
photonic chrystals
optical band gap
graphene
nanoribbons
pintaplasmoni
fotonikide
grafeeni
nanonauhat
Abstract (eng): In this work the use of polymer gratings for coupling of light into surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes on a metal interface is studied using a simplified theoretical model, with numerical simulations and experimentally.
SPPs are commonly excited on metal interfaces using evanescent near-fields or through periodic structures embedded in the metal itself.
For use with special surfaces, such as single crystal metals, these common methods have several drawbacks either in terms of difficulty of the near-field coupling or the requirement for modifying the surface itself.
By using polymer gratings these issues can be avoided, as the polymer gratings can be manufactured easily using electron beam lithography tools and subsequently removed whenever necessary using organic solvents.

The effect of the polymer grating on the SPP dispersion is described analytically and through numerical simulations.
We find that the SPP modes under the polymer grating behave similarly as in a one-dimensional photonic crystal.
For the experiments several polymer gratings were fabricated with different dimensions to test the model derived in the theory section.
The dispersion of the SPP modes under the grating structure are obtained with two different techniques and compared to numerical simulations and simplified theoretical models.
The grating structures were also fabricated on top of graphene nanoribbons grown on a single crystal silver substrate.
Abstract (fin): Tämä työ käsittelee valon kytkemistä pintaplasmonimoodeihin polymeeripohjaisten hilarakenteiden avulla.
Rakenteiden vaikutuksia pintaplasmonimoodeihin tutkitaan yksinkertaistetun teoreettisen mallin, numeeristen simulaatioiden ja kokeiden avulla.
Tyypillisesti valoa kytketään pintaplasmonimoodeihin lähikenttien avulla tai rakentamalla periodinen hila suoraan metallipintaan.
Erikoisempien näytteiden kohdalla nämä metodit eivät välttämättä ole mahdollisia.

Lähikenttien käyttö on koejärjestelyjen osalta hankalaa ja metallipintojen suora muokkaus ei ole aina järkevä vaihtoehto, kuten yksikiteisten substraattien kanssa.
Käyttämällä polymeerihiloja näiltä ongelmilta vältytään.
Hilat voidaan valmistaa tavanomaisia litografiakeinoja käyttäen ja ne voidaan myös poistaa näytettä muuten vahingoittamatta käyttämällä orgaanisia liuottimia.

Työssä havaittiin pintaplasmonimoodien käyttäytyvän polymeeripohjaisten hilojen alla kuten valo yksiulotteisissa fotonikiteissä.
Työn kokeellisessa osuudessa hiloja valmistettiin eri parametreja käyttäen, joilla pystyttiin testaamaan teoreettisen mallin ennusteita käytännössä.
Pintaplasmonimoodien dispersio mitattiin kahta eri metodia käyttämällä ja mittaustuloksia verrattiin numeerisiin simulaatioihin ja teoriamalleihin.
Hilarakenteita valmistettiin myös yksikiteisen hopean pinnalle, jonka päälle oli kasvatettu grafeeninauhoja.
ED:2013-12-17
INSSI record number: 48228
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