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Author:Pesu, Jarmo
Title:Routanousukokeen kehittäminen
Development of frost heave test
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2010
Pages:70 [+9]      Language:   fin
Department/School:Insinööritieteiden ja arkkitehtuurin tiedekunta
Main subject:Pohjarakennus ja maamekaniikka   (Rak-50)
Supervisor:Ravaska, Olli
Instructor:Gustavsson, Henry
OEVS:
Electronic archive copy is available via Aalto Thesis Database.
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Location:P1 Ark Aalto     | Archive
Keywords:frost heave test
frost heave coefficient
frost heave
frost heave apparatus
routanousukoe
routimiskerroin
routanousu
routaselli
Abstract (eng):Frost heave tests conducted in laboratory conditions are very sensitive to the testing arrangements in which they are executed. There are numerous protocols in different countries but an internationally acknowledged procedure for frost heave test has not yet been established. Therefore the results determined from frost heave tests are not always of the same magnitude. Frost heave test result can be presented as frost heave coefficient, frost heave per day, frost heave percent or total frost heave. Nevertheless all these magnitudes are dependent on the frost heave measured during the test.

Friction, between a frost cell and a sample material, is considered to be the most critical factor affecting the determined results. Literature knows various methods on how to reduce the limiting effect of friction. Apparatuses currently in use in different countries apply mainly two different approaches to fiction control. A frost heave cell can be cut up to multiple rings thus limiting the effect of friction to the height of one ring. Another approach is to render the frost heave cell with substance of little friction, silicon lubricate for instance.

This study was focused on the comparison of the frost heave test results determined from two different test apparatuses. A multi-ring cell and a Teflon covering cell with splitting property were constructed for the study. Dimensions of these cells were the same. The instrumentations and the data acquisition methods were also the same for both of the tests. The apparatuses were built according to available plots and schematic figures of devices already in use in Finland. Tested soil materials were silt and sand. Test series consisted out of eight frost heave tests: both soils were tested twice on both apparatuses. Soil samples were prepared with a constant compaction effort using an ICT (intensive compaction tester) machine. Generally silt showed higher frost heave characteristics compared to sand. Higher magnitudes in frost heave were observed with the multi-ring cell for both of these soils. Additional index tests were also conducted on both soil materials to evaluate their frost susceptibility. The Teflon ceil provided consistent results compared to the index tests. The results determined with the multi-ring cell were somewhat inconsistent with the index tests and suggested higher frost susceptibility.
Abstract (fin):Laboratoriossa suoritettavaan routanousukokeen tulokset ovat herkkiä käytettyjen koejärjestelyjen vaikutuksille. Eripuolilla maailmaa on olemassa useita menettelytapoja kokeen suorittamiseen, mutta kansainvälisesti hyväksyttyä standardia ei ole vielä saatu aikaiseksi. Routanousukokeesta annettava tulos ei ole myöskään joka maassa laadullisesti sama. Tuloksina voidaan antaa mm. routimiskerroin, routanousu päivässä, suhteellinen routanousu tai kokonaisroutanousu. Suuri osa määritettävistä suureista kuitenkin riippuu mitatusta routanoususta.

Routasellin ja maanäytteen välillä vaikuttava kitka on suurin yksittäinen tuloksiin vaikuttava tekijä. Kirjallisuudessa on esitetty erilaisia tapoja kitkan vaikutuksen vähentämiseksi. Eri maissa tällä hetkellä käytössä olevien laitteistojen kitkanhallinta perustuu pääasiassa joko sellirakenteen rengasjakoon tai sellimateriaalin alhaiseen kitkaan.

Tässä työssä keskityttiin tarkastelemaan kahden erilaisen routanousukoelaitteen antamien tulosten eroavaisuuksia. Tutkimusta varten rakennettiin rengasselli ja teflonvaippainen halkaistava selli. Laitteistot rakennettiin samoihin dimensioihin ja niissä käytettiin samanlaista mittausinstrumentointia ja tiedonkeruujärjestelmää. Laitteistot rakennettiin soveltaen Suomessa jo käytössä olevien routanousukoelaitteiden piirustuksia ja kaavakuvia. Testimateriaaleina käytettiin silttiä ja hiekkaa. Koesarja koostui yhteensä kahdeksasta routanousukokeesta: molemmilla testimateriaaleilla suoritettiin kaksi koetta halkaistavassa sellissä ja rengassellissä Maanäytteet rakennettiin vakiotyömäärällä käyttäen kiertotiivistyslaitetta. Siltillä havaittiin suurempi taipumus routimiseen kuin hiekalla. Molemmilla testimateriaaleilla rengasselli tuotti voimakkaamman routanousun kuin halkaistava selli. Testimateriaaleille suoritettiin myös indeksikokeita niiden routivuuden määrittämiseksi ja tarjoamaan Vertailutietoa routanousukokeista määritettyihin tuloksiin. Halkaistavalla sellillä suoritetut routanousukokeet antoivat lähes samat routivuusluokitukset kuin indeksikokeet, kun taas rengassellillä suoritetut kokeet olivat osittain ristiriitaisia indeksikokeiden tulosten kanssa.
ED:2010-05-03
INSSI record number: 39527
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