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Author:Nikkilä, Aleksi
Title:Köysinostimen mekaaninen nykäisysuoja
Mechanical snag load protection device for wire rope hoists
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2012
Pages:(7) + 93 s. + liitt. 23      Language:   fin
Department/School:Koneenrakennustekniikan laitos
Main subject:Koneensuunnitteluoppi   (Kon-41)
Supervisor:Kuosmanen, Petri
Instructor:Lindberg, Teppo
OEVS:
Electronic archive copy is available via Aalto Thesis Database.
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Location:P1 Ark Aalto  4658   | Archive
Keywords:wire rope hoist
mechanical
snag load
köysinostin
mekaaninen
nykäisykuorma
Abstract (eng): The two most common types of harmful loads present in wire rope hoists are overload and snag load.
For protection against overload several solutions exist, however, against snag load feasible and economical solutions are not available.
This thesis presents a novel mechanism for protecting wire rope hoists from snag loads.

Conceptually, an overload situation is easy to understand, when an excessively heavy object is being lifted.
A snag load situation on the other hand, is somewhat more difficult, when the load is abruptly immobilised during lifting.
The hoist cannot recognise this and will continue reeving in the rope.
Regular overload protection devices will notice the increased load and cease the lifting procedure; however the residual kinetic energy in the hoist and its components will damage the system.

This problem has been approached with traditional machine engineering methodology.
The base structure of the task was identified through a requirement list and a function chart.
Conceptual designs were then formulated and the most viable of these was further refined, to the form of a practical solution which was designed and constructed.

This prototype was laboratory tested and discovered to function according to expectations.
Based on these results, the presented design could be widely applied in commercial hoists, to economically and efficiently protect them against snag loads.
Abstract (fin): Nostureissa esiintyvistä haitallisista kuormitustyypeistä yli- ja nykäisykuorma ovat yleisimmät.
Ylikuormalta suojaukseen on olemassa jo monenlaisia ratkaisuja, mutta nykäisykuormaan kohdistuvia ratkaisuja ei köysinostimeen ole.
Tässä diplomityössä on tarkoituksena keksiä uudenlainen toimintaperiaate nykäisykuormalta suojaavalle laitteelle.

Ylikuormatilanne on käsitteenä yksinkertainen.
Siinä nostin yrittää nostaa liian raskasta kuormaa.
Nykäisytilanne on kuitenkin hieman monimutkaisempi.
Nykäisytilanteessa taakka jää kiinni johonkin, esim. kiinteään objektiin.
Tällöin nostin yrittää nostaa kuormaa ja ylikuormaturvavälineet menevätkin päälle, mutta nostinkoneistossa on edelleen niin paljon liike-energiaa, että laite saattaa vaurioitua jarrutuksen aikana.

Tätä ongelmaa on lähdetty ratkaisemaan perinteisten koneensuunnitteluoppien mukaan.
Ongelma on havainnollistettu vaatimuslistan ja toimintokaavion avulla.
Tämän jälkeen ideoita on haettu aivoriihellä, jonka tuloksista on jalostettu yksi ratkaisu, jota on lähdetty suunnittelemaan ja toteuttamaan.

Suunnitellusta laitteesta valmistettua prototyyppiä testattiin laboratoriossa, jossa kävi ilmi sen toimivan odotusten mukaisesti.
Näihin tuloksiin perustuen työssä esitetyllä toimintatavalla on mahdollista suojata kaupallisia köysinostimia nykäisykuormilta taloudellisesti ja tehokkaasti.
ED:2012-07-03
INSSI record number: 44776
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