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Author:Voutilainen, Vilja
Title:Kalkkikivisuodatus pintaveden käsittelyssä
Limestone filtration in surface water treatment
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2010
Pages:ix + 131 s. + liitt. 3      Language:   fin
Department/School:Biotekniikan ja kemian tekniikan laitos
Main subject:Tehdassuunnittelu   (Kem-107)
Supervisor:Hurme, Markku
Instructor:Härkki, Heli
OEVS:
Electronic archive copy is available via Aalto Thesis Database.
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Location:P1 Ark Aalto  3237   | Archive
Keywords:limestone
calcium carbonate
filtration
alkalization
mixed-bed
surface water
water treatment
kalkkikivi
kalsiumkarbonaatti
suodatus
alkalointi
pintavesi
vedenpuhdistus
Abstract (eng): The aim of this study was to find out whether limestone filtration could be used to reduce the amount of lime water needed in the different stages of a typical Finnish surface water treatment process.

Three separate bench and pilot scale filtration experiments were conducted to study the alkalization capacity of different limestones by using sand filtrated and clarified feed water, respectively.
In addition to filters containing only limestone, mixed-bed filters were also used.
Mixed-bed filters comprised of limestone (grain size 0,5 - 1,5 mm) and sand in varied ratios.
The chemical and microbiological properties of feed and filtrated water were analyzed frequently.

The results of the test runs showed that even with a very short retention time, the pH of the treated water increased more in mixed-bed filters than in filters containing only limestone, while turbidity remained low.
It was observed that raising the relative amount of sand in the mixed-bed filters had only a minimal effect on the filters' ability to increase total water hardness and alkalinity.

Based on the experiments carried out during this study the best quality of treated water, together with a substantial reduction in the lime water consumption, could be achieved by integrating for example half limestone - half sand mixed-bed filters into the surface water treatment process.
Abstract (fin): Tämän diplomityön tavoitteena oli selvittää, voitaisiinko pintaveden puhdistusprosessin eri vaiheissa tarvittavan kalkkiveden määrää vähentää lisäämällä kalkkikivisuodatus prosessin yksikköoperaatioksi.

Tutkimuksen puitteissa suoritettiin kolme erillistä bench- ja pilot-mittakaavan koeajoa, joissa tarkasteltiin erilaisten kalkkikivilaatujen alkalointikykyä, kun syöttövetenä käytettiin hiekkasuodatettua ja selkeytettyä pintavettä.
Pelkkien kalkkikivisuodattimien lisäksi tutkittiin myös raekooltaan 0,5 - 1,5 mm kalkkikiveä ja hiekkasuodatus -hiekkaa eri seossuhteissa sisältäneiden mixed-bedsuodattimien toimintaa.
Syöttö- ja suodatetun veden kemiallisia ja mikrobiologisia ominaisuuksia seurattiin laboratorioanalyysein.

Koeajojen perusteella havaittiin, että jo hyvin lyhyen viipymäajan puitteissa käsiteltävän veden pH-arvo nousi mixed-bed-suodattimissa enemmän kuin vastaavissa pelkkää kalkkikiveä sisältäneissä suodattimissa samalla, kun suodatetun veden sameus pysyi alhaisena.
Hiekan suhteellisen osuuden lisääminen ei vähentänyt juuri lainkaan suodattimien kykyä nostaa käsiteltävän veden kokonaiskovuutta ja alkaliniteettia.

Paras käsiteltävän veden laatu ja suurin säästö kalkkiveden kulutuksessa saavutettaisiin integroimalla esimerkiksi puolet kalkkikiveä ja puolet hiekkasuodatushiekkaa sisältäviä mixed-bed-suodattimia perinteiseen suomalaiseen pintaveden puhdistusprosessiin.
ED:2010-06-02
INSSI record number: 39703
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