search query: @keyword tall oil / total: 6
results-list
reference: 2 / 6
« previous | next »
Author:Lehtinen, Ida
Title:Mäntypien ja -raakarasvahapon vaihtoesteröinti metanolilla
Transesterification of tall oil pitch and crude fatty acids with methanol
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2011
Pages:vi + 59      Language:   fin
Department/School:Puunjalostustekniikan laitos
Main subject:Puunjalostuksen kemia   (Puu-19)
Supervisor:Vuorinen, Tapani
Instructor:Rintola, Mikko
OEVS:
Electronic archive copy is available via Aalto Thesis Database.
Instructions
close

Reading digital theses in the closed network of the Aalto University Harald Herlin Learning Centre

In the closed network of Learning Centre you can read digital and digitized theses not available in the open network.

The Learning Centre contact details and opening hours: https://learningcentre.aalto.fi/en/harald-herlin-learning-centre/

You can read theses on the Learning Centre customer computers, which are available on all floors.

Logging on to the customer computers

  • Aalto University staff members log on to the customer computer using the Aalto username and password.
  • Other customers log on using a shared username and password.

Opening a thesis

  • On the desktop of the customer computers, you will find an icon titled:

    Aalto Thesis Database

  • Click on the icon to search for and open the thesis you are looking for from Aaltodoc database. You can find the thesis file by clicking the link on the OEV or OEVS field.

Reading the thesis

  • You can either print the thesis or read it on the customer computer screen.
  • You cannot save the thesis file on a flash drive or email it.
  • You cannot copy text or images from the file.
  • You cannot edit the file.

Printing the thesis

  • You can print the thesis for your personal study or research use.
  • Aalto University students and staff members may print black-and-white prints on the PrintingPoint devices when using the computer with personal Aalto username and password. Color printing is possible using the printer u90203-psc3, which is located near the customer service. Color printing is subject to a charge to Aalto University students and staff members.
  • Other customers can use the printer u90203-psc3. All printing is subject to a charge to non-University members.
Location:P1 Ark Aalto  2231   | Archive
Keywords:crude fatty acids
methanolysis
methyl esters
sterol
tall oil
tall oil pitch
transesterification
metyyliesteri
metanolyysi
mäntypiki
mäntyöljy
raaka-rasvahappo
steroli
vaihtoesteröinti
Abstract (eng): The increasing prices of fossil fuels, as well as environmental factors are the main reasons why the development of alternative fuels has become more and more profitable.
Tall oil, which is by-product from pulp production, can be further processed into fatty acids and resin.
As a by-product it produces pitch.

The purpose was to examine the tall oil refining process of crude fatty acids, as well as the by-product utilizing opportunities.
In the literature survey, the methods for trans esterification of vegetable oils are reviewed.
It also becomes clear that the most effective way to produce esters is with catalyst and with supercritical methanol.
In the experimental part the pitch and the raw fatty acid was treated with supercritical methanol, which was the way to get fatty acid methyl esters, resin acids and sterols as products.
The high quantity of sterols would be a substantial economic interest.

From the observed results, it could be concluded that trans esterification process with supercritical methanol is possible for both, tall oil pitch and crude fatty acids.
For methylation of crude fatty acids the optimal reaction conditions were fatty acid / methanol ratio of 1:4 and the reaction time of 140 minutes.
The optimal reactional methanolysis conditions for tall oil are when pitch / methanol molar ratio was 1:7, and 100 min.
The suitability of the fore mentioned reaction, and use of it in industrial circumstances, should be examined more broadly.
Supercritical conditions require a temperature of 240 °C and pressure of 81 bar, which on an industrial scale require special arrangements, and tremendous energy.
Abstract (fin): Fossiilisten polttoaineiden hinnan ja ympäristötekijöiden takia vaihtoehtoisten polttoaineiden kehittämisestä on tullut yhä kannattavampaa.
Selluntuotannon sivujakeena syntyvää mäntyöljyä on mahdollista jatkojalostaa rasvahapoiksi ja hartsihapoiksi.
Sivujakeena prosessista syntyy pikeä.

Työn tarkoituksena oli tutkia mäntyöljyn jalostusprosessista saatavan raaka-rasvahapon, sekä sivutuotteena syntyvän pien jatkojalostusmahdollisuuksia.
Kirjallisuusosassa tarkastellaan kasviöljyjen vaihtoesteröintimenetelmiä.
Vaihtoesteröintimenetelmistä toimivimmiksi on kirjallisuudessa todettu katalyyttinen sekä ylikriittisissä olosuhteissa toteutettu vaihtoesteröinti.
Työn kokeellisessa osassa mäntypikeä ja raaka-rasvahappoa käsiteltiin metanolilla lähellä ylikriittisiä olosuhteita, jolloin tuotteiksi saatiin rasvahappojenmetyyliestereitä, hartsihappoja ja steroleja.
Sterolien korkea kate toisi prosessille huomattavan taloudellisen edun.

Työssä suoritettujen kokeiden perusteella vaihtoesteröintiprosessi ylikriittisellä metanolilla on mahdollista sekä raaka-rasvahapolle että mäntypielle.
Raakarasvahappoja metyloitaessa optimaaliset reaktio-olosuhteet työssä olivat rasvahappo/metanoli suhde 1:4 ja reaktioaika 140 min.
Mäntypien metanolyysissä optimaalisina reaktio-olosuhteina näyttäytyvät piki/metanoli moolisuhde 1:7 ja 100 min.
Reaktion soveltuvuutta teollisuusolosuhteisiin on tutkittava vielä laajemmin.
Ylikriittisten olosuhteiden vaatimat 240 °C ja 81 baaria vaativat teollisuusmittakaavassa erityisjärjestelyjä ja valtavasti energiaa.
ED:2011-06-13
INSSI record number: 42156
+ add basket
« previous | next »
INSSI