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Author:Puupponen, Salla
Title:Calcium oxalate and barium sulfate scaling in paper and oil applications - Validation of dynamic tube blocking procedures
Kalsiumoksalaatin ja bariumsulfaatin saostuminen paperi- ja öljyteollisuudessa - Dynaamisen kapillaarisaostumismenetelmän validointi
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2012
Pages:xii + 113 + [15]      Language:   eng
Department/School:Kemian laitos
Main subject:Epäorgaaninen kemia   (Kem-35)
Supervisor:Karppinen, Maarit
Instructor:Toivonen, Susanna ; Konn, Jonas
OEVS:
Electronic archive copy is available via Aalto Thesis Database.
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Location:P1 Ark Aalto  1952   | Archive
Keywords:scaling
dynamic blocking tube procedure
BaSO4
CaC2O4
saostuminen
dynaaminen kapillaarisaostumismenetelmä
Abstract (eng): Scaling causes problems in the industry due to precipitation of undesired, sparingly-soluble salts onto process surfaces, generally onto pipelines or heat transfer equipment.
Scaling of inorganic salts is a major problem in several industries, including paper and oil industry.
Barium sulfate and calcium oxalate are among the most challenging scales in pulp and paper mills.
Barium sulfate is also a troublesome scale in oil field reservoirs.

Scales are generally treated with anionic, polymeric scale inhibitors that prevent/retard scale formation or dissolve the scale formed.
The inhibition performance of polymeric antiscalants is based on attractive forces between cations in the salt and anionic, functional groups of scale inhibitor.

Literature part of this study presents theory of crystallization, scaling in paper and oil industries, the most common scale inhibitor chemistries and inhibition mechanisms.
Barium sulfate and calcium oxalate scaling and scale inhibition are studied by dynamic tube blocking method and dynamic test method setups for comparative scale inhibitor performance tests are presented in the experimental part of this study.
The measurement conditions were optimized to correspond scaling in applications, yet the measurements were kept quick and easy to perform.
Furthermore, effects of applications major parameters were studied.
Dynamic tube blocking method was qualitatively validated and differences between the method and o generally used scale inhibition testing procedure, static jar tests, were compared.
Abstract (fin): Saostuminen aiheuttaa ongelmia teollisuudessa, kun niukkaliukoisia suoloja saostuu prosessilaitteiden pinnoille, kuten putkilinjoihin ja lämmönsiirtimiin.
Epäorgaanisten suolojen saostuminen on suuri ongelma usealla teollisuuden alalla, kuten paperi- ja öljyteollisuudessa.
Bariumsulfaatti ja kalsiumoksalaatti kuuluvat hankalimpiin saostumiin sellu- ja paperiteollisuudessa.
Bariumsulfaatin saostuminen on vakava ongelma myös öljykentillä.

Saostumista estetään useimmiten anionisilla, polymeerisillä saostumisenestoaineilla, jotka estavät/hidastavat saostumista tai liuottavat jo muodostuneen saostuman.
Polymeeristen saostumisenestoaineiden tehokkuus perustuu attraktiivisiin voimiin suolan kationien ja saostumisenestoaineiden anionisten, funktionaalisten ryhmien välillä.

Työn kirjallisuusosa esittelee kiteytymisen teoriaa, saostumisongelmia paperi- ja öljyteollisuudessa sekä yleisimpien saostumisenestoaineiden kemiaa ja inhibitio-mekanismeja.
Kokeellisessa osassa tutkitaan BaSO4:n ja CaC2O 4:n saostumista ja saostumisenestoa polymeerisillä saostumisenestoaineilla dynaamisella menetelmällä, jossa saostuminen tapahtuu kapillaarissa ja kehitetään dynaamisia testimenetelmiä saostumisenestoaineiden tehokkuuden vertailuun.
Mittausolosuhteet optimoitiin vastaamaan saostumista sovelluksissa, mutta toisaalta mittaukset haluttiin pitää nopeina ja yksinkertaisina suorittaa.
Lisäksi tutkittiin sovelluksien yleisimpien parametrien vaikutusta mittaustuloksiin.
Dynaaminen kapillaarisaostumismenetelmä validoitiin kvalitatiivisesti ja mittauksia verrattiin yleisesti käytettyyn testimenetelmään, staattisiin purkkitesteihin.
ED:2013-02-26
INSSI record number: 45870
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