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Author:Karonen, Mari
Title:Recovery of metals in mobile phones
Metallien talteenotto matkapuhelimista
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2009
Pages:95 +[2]      Language:   eng
Department/School:Materiaalitekniikan laitos
Main subject:Korroosio ja hydrometallurgia   (MT-85)
Supervisor:Forsén, Olof
Instructor:Pehkonen, Antero
OEVS:
Electronic archive copy is available via Aalto Thesis Database.
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Location:P1 Ark TKK  119   | Archive
Keywords:recycling
metals
separation
leaching
HydroCopper
ozone
kierrätys
metallit
erottelu
liuotus
HydroCopper
otsoni
Abstract (eng): Current manufacturing of mobile phones uses mainly natural ores as the resource for the metals needed.
Recycling and recovery of metals is an important area to focus on to reassure the sufficiency of the recourses in the world in the future.

Nowadays the recycling of mobile phones starts with disassembly of the battery.
Then 1) Phones can be crushed, when the subsequent steps are separation of metals from plastics and pyro metallurgical thermal or hydrometallurgical processes.
Or 2) The Printed Wiring Board, display and covers can be dismantled and channelled to different metallurgical recovery processes.
The majority of the metals in a phone are copper therefore the processes are based on the pyro metallurgical production of copper.
The valuable metals, whose amounts are small compared to copper, are precipitated after copper in the hydrometallurgical processes such as leaching to aqua regia or cyanide solutions.

The purpose of the thesis has been to explore the different methods for the recycling of mobile phones and recovery of metals from the view point of a metallurgist.
The emphasis has been on hydrometallurgical methods and seeking a simple process to leach all the metals at the same time.
The subsequent recovery of metals, which has not been under further study, is done by precipitation from the solution one by one or all at the same time.

The application of the HydroCopper® process by Outotec to leach printed wiring boards from old mobile phones was studied in the experiment part of the thesis.
Ozone is known to react strongly with organic materials; therefore ozone flow has been experimented to intensify the separation of plastics and metals.

Based on the experiments can be claimed that the HydroCopper solution is strong enough to leach nearly every metal included in a mobile phone within a reasonable time.
The effect of ozone was not as strong as assumed.
It increases only slightly the dissolution of the plastic material in PWBs.
Abstract (fin): Matkapuhelimissa tarvittavien metallien valmistuksessa käytetään nykyään suurelta osin vain primaarisia raaka-aineita.
Metallien kierrätykseen ja talteenottoon on tärkeää kiinnittää huomiota materiaalien riittävyyden takia tulevaisuudessa.

Nykyään matkapuhelinten kierrätys alkaa akun erotuksella muusta puhelimesta.
Sitten 1) Puhelimet voidaan murskata, jota seuraa mekaaninen muovien ja metallien mahdollisimman tarkka erotus sekä pyro- tai hydrometallurgiset prosessit.
Tai 2) Erotellaan piirilevy, näyttö ja kuoret, jotka jatkavat kukin omaan talteenottoprosessiinsa.
Valtaosa puhelinten metalleista on kuparia, joten prosessit perustuvat pitkälti kuparin pyrometallurgisiin talteenottoprosesseihin.
Taloudellisesti tärkeät arvometallit, joiden määrä on kupariin verrattuna pieni, saadaan saostettua hydrometallurgisissa prosesseissa, kuten liuotuksessa kuningasveteen tai syanidiliuoksiin, kuparin jälkeen.

Diplomityön tavoitteena on ollut tutkia eri menetelmiä materiaalien talteen ottamiseksi matkapuhelimista metallurgin näkökulmasta.
Paino on ollut hydrometallurgissa menetelmissä sekä mahdollisimman yksinkertaisen prosessin hahmottelussa, jossa kaikki metallit saataisiin liuotettua samanaikaisesti.
Metallien talteenotto liuoksista, mihin tässä ei keskitytä enempää, tapahtuu saostamalla selektiivisesti tai kaikki kerralla.

Outotec Oy:n HydroCopper® -menetelmän soveltuvuutta liuottaa vanhojen matkapuhelinten piirilevyjä tutkittiin diplomityön kokeellisessa osassa.
Otsonin tiedetään reagoivan voimakkaasti orgaanisten materiaalien kanssa, joten työssä kokeiltiin myös otsonikuplitusta tehostamaan metallien ja muovien erottamista.

Kokeiden perusteella voidaan väittää, että HydroCopper liuos on tarpeeksi vahva liuottamaan kaikkia matkapuhelimessa olevia metalleja järkevässä ajassa.
Otsonin vaikutus oli odotettua pienempi.
Se lisää vain hieman muovimateriaalin liukenemista piirilevyistä.
ED:2012-09-03
INSSI record number: 45183
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