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Author:Kujala, Riitta
Title:Bioetanolin valmistuksessa käytettävän lignoselluloosan esikäsittelyvaiheiden analysointi
Analysing Pretreated Materials in the Lignocellulose-to-Ethanol Process
Publication type:Master's thesis
Publication year:2014
Pages:viii + 75 s. + liitt. 6      Language:   fin
Department/School:Biotekniikan ja kemian tekniikan laitos
Main subject:Soveltava biokemia   (Kem-30)
Supervisor:Laakso, Simo
Instructor:Maunuksela, Jyri
Electronic version URL: http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-201405221868
OEVS:
Electronic archive copy is available via Aalto Thesis Database.
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Location:P1 Ark Aalto  2051   | Archive
Keywords:lignocellulose
acid hydrolysis
pretreatment
analytics
lignoselluloosa
happohydrolyysi
esikäsittely
analytiikka
Abstract (eng):The pretreatment process of lignocellulosic raw material has a significant impact on the feasibility of lignocellulosic ethanol production.
Majority of the pretreatment methods utilize high temperatures and pressures, usually in the presence of acids or bases.
These methods are designed to break down the structure of the material matrix, however, the extreme conditions inflict other alterations to the material, bringing additional challenges to the analytics.
In this thesis, pretreatments of lignocellulosic materials are introduced and analytical methods for lignocellulosic materials are investigated.

In this thesis the applicability of acid hydrolysis on pretreated lignocellulosic materials was researched.
Raw materials were extracted with two different solutions and the effect of the extraction on the total sugar composition analysis was investigated.
The results of the acid hydrolysis were analyzed with a high-performance liquid chromatographer and an ion chromatographer, both of which were set up during the experiments.
The accuracy of both analytical methods was determined.

During the course of this research, the high-performance liquid chromatographer was proven to be a reliable instrument for the saccharide analytics of all lignocellulosic materials.
The extractions were proven to remove most of the free saccharides from the raw material, which in turn improved the accuracy of the total structural carbohydrate determination.
The other solution was less efficient in removing the free saccharides from the raw material, but was proven to remove extractives efficiently from non-pretreated lignocellulosic raw material.
Abstract (fin):Lignoselluloosamateriaalien esikäsittelyllä on suuri rooli etanolin tuotannossa, jotta prosessi saadaan kannattavaksi.
Useimmissa esikäsittelymenetelmissä rakenne hajotetaan korkeassa lämpötilassa ja paineessa hapon tai emäksen läsnä ollessa.
Rajujen olosuhteiden aiheuttamat muutokset materiaalin ominaisuuksiin tuovat lukuisia haasteita analytiikkaan.
Tämä diplomityö käsittelee lignoselluloosamateriaalin esikäsittelymenetelmiä ja tutkimuksessa keskitytään erityisesti esikäsitellyn lignoselluloosan analytiikkaan.

Tämän työn yhtenä tarkoituksena oli tutkia happohydrolyysin soveltuvuutta esikäsitellylle lignoselluloosamateriaalille.
Happohydrolyysiä ennen raaka-aineille suoritettiin uutot kahdella eri liuoksella ja tarkasteltiin uuttojen vaikutusta kokonaissokerimääritykseen.
Happohydrolyysien tuloksia analysoitiin analysointilaitteilla, jotka ajettiin ylös osana tutkimusta.
Analysointilaitteet olivat korkean erotuskyvyn nestekromatografi sekä ionikromatografi, joiden menetelmien tarkkuus määritettiin ennen näytteiden analysointia.

Kokeiden aikana HPLC:n todettiin soveltuvan esikäsitellyn lignoselluloosan sokerianalytiikkaan.
Happohydrolyysin yhteydessä tehdyillä uutoilla saatiin poistettua esikäsitellystä raaka-aineesta vapaita sokereita, minkä todettiin parantavan happohydrolyysin kokonaissokerimäärän määrityksen luotettavuutta.
Toisen liuoksen todettiin uuttavan huonommin vapaita sokereita esikäsitellystä lignoselluloosasta, mutta sen todettiin poistavan hyvin uuteaineita esikäsittelemättömästä raaka-aineesta.
ED:2014-06-01
INSSI record number: 49165
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